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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1599 |
| | | The Globe, where many of Shakespeare's plays are first performed, is built on Bankside in London | |
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| c. 1600 |
| | | The Yoruba develop an extensive empire centred on Oyo in southern Nigeria | |
|  | Beaded crown of a Yoruba ruler
Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter
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| 1600 |
| | | William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth, concludes that the earth is a magnet and coins the term 'magnetic pole' | |
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| 1600 |
| | | A performance in the Oratory in Rome, with music by Emilio de' Cavalieri, is in effect the first oratorio | |
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| 1600 |
| | | Britain's East India Company is established when Elizabeth I grants a charter to a 'Company of Merchants trading into the East Indies' | |
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| 1600 |
| | | Electricity is given its name (in the Latin phrase vis electrica) by the English physician, William Gilbert | |
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| 1601 |
| | | Shakespeare's central character in Hamlet expresses both the ideals of the Renaissance and the disillusion of a less confident age | |
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| 1602 |
| | | The Dutch East India Company is founded, with a tax-free monopoly of the eastern trade for twenty-one years | |
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| 1603 |
| | | Geneva wins independence from the duchy of Savoy, in the treaty of St Julien, after repelling a midnight assault on the city | |
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| 1603 |
| | | The warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu is awarded the title of shogun, beginning nearly three centuries of the Tokugawa shogunate | |
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| 1603 |
| | | James VI of Scotland inherits peacefully the crown of his English cousin Elizabeth, and becomes James I of England | |
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| 1603 |
| | | The accession of James I and VI to the throne of England brings the union of the crowns of England and Scotland | |
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| 1604 |
| | | The British king James I launches a blistering attack on the smoking of tobacco, which he considers a loathsome custom | |
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| 1604 |
| | | The first false Dmitry marches into Russia with a Polish army to claim the throne | |
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| 1604 |
| | | Annibale Carracci completes an influential ceiling fresco in the Farnese palace in Rome | |
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| 1604 |
| | | James I commissions the Authorized version of the Bible, which is completed by forty-seven scholars in seven years | |
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| 1604 |
| | | William Shakespeare's name appears among the actors in a list of the King's Men | |
|  | List of the King's Men in 1604, including Shakespeare
National Archives, Kew
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| 1605 |
| | | Ben Jonson writes The Masque of Blackness, the first of his many masques for the court of James I | |
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| 1605 |
| | | On the death of Akbar, his son Jahangir succeeds to the Mughal throne | |
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| 1605 |
| | | Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes publishes the first part of his satirically romantic novel Don Quixote | |
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| 1605 |
| | | The Gunpowder Plot, attempting murder and treason, severely damages the Catholic cause in Britain | |
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| 1606 |
| | | The satirical voice of the English playwright Ben Jonson is heard to powerful effect in Volpone | |
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| 1607 |
| | | Claudio Monteverdi presents Orfeo, the first opera to win a lasting place in the international repertory | |
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| 1607 |
| | | The earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel sail from Ireland with their families, in the event known as the Flight of the Earls | |
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| 1607 |
| | | Colonists establish the first lasting British settlement in the new world, at Jamestown | |
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| 1608 |
| | | The Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens completes an altarpiece in Rome which is an early masterpiece of the baroque | |
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| 1608 |
| | | A lucky accident reveals the principle of the telescope to a spectacle maker, Hans Lippershey. In the Dutch town of Middelburg | |
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| 1608 |
| | | A second false Dmitry marches on Moscow, to be followed by a third in 1612 | |
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| 1608 |
| | | Quebec is founded by Samuel de Champlain as a centre for the French fur trade | |
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| 1608 |
| | | Rubens returns from Italy to Antwerp, where he soon establishes Europe's most successful and prolific studio | |
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| 1608 |
| | | A shipload of Puritans, among them some of the future Pilgrim Fathers, sail from Boston in Lincolnshire to seek religious freedom in Holland | |
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| 1608 |
| | | John Smith claims (many years later) that when captured by Indians he was saved from execution by Pocahontas, daughter of the chief | |
|  | Map of Virginia featuring an image of Pocahontas, 1608
National Archives, Kew
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