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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1573 |
| | | Venice cedes the island of Cyprus to the Turks, in spite of the Christian victory at Lepanto two years earlier | |
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| 1573 |
| | | The city of Alkmaar is saved when the Dutch breach their own dikes, threatening the Spanish troops with death by drowning | |
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| 1574 |
| | | The Ottoman empire finally asserts control over the north African coast, in the footsteps of Muslim pirates | |
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| 1575 |
| | | Stefan Báthory, prince of Transylvania, is elected king of Poland | |
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| 1575 |
| | | The armies of Spain develop a powerful version of the ancient phalanx, which becomes known as the Spanish square | |
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| 1575 |
| | | English sailor and slave-trader John Hawkins turns the top-heavy carrack into the more seaworthy galleon | |
|  | Spanish galleon as fountain
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1575 |
| | | Soft-paste porcelain, in imitation of true porcelain from China, is successfully created for the Medici in Florence | |
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| 1576 |
| | | The Pacification of Ghent unites all the provinces of the Netherlands in opposition to Spain | |
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| 1576 |
| | | James Burbage builds London's first theatre and calls it the Theatre | |
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| c. 1576 |
| | | Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe builds Uraniborg, on the island of Hven, and makes it the world's leading observatory | |
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| 1577 |
| | | Francis Drake sails from Plymouth, heading west for the Pacific and the East Indies | |
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| 1577 |
| | | Domenikos Theotokopoulos moves to Spain, where he becomes known as El Greco | |
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| 1579 |
| | | Francis Drake seizes a Spanish vessel laden with gold and silver in the Pacific, formerly a safe area for Spain | |
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| 1579 |
| | | The Union of Arras and the Union of Utrecht split the Netherlands into Catholic and Protestant camps | |
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| c. 1580 |
| | | Five tribal troups form a League of Five Nations, commonly known as the Iroquois League or Confederacy, against their common enemy the Huron | |
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| 1580 |
| | | A Spanish army marches into Portugal to claim the crown for the king of Spain, Philip II | |
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| 1580 |
| | | The first Jesuit missionaries arrive in England, with Edmund Campion among their number | |
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| 1580 |
| | | Francis Drake returns to England after his three-year voyage round the world and is knighted by Queen Elizabeth on board his Golden Hind | |
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| 1580 |
| | | French author Michel de Montaigne, in his library tower, produces Europe's first volume of essays – published in this year under the simple title Essais | |
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| 1581 |
| | | In the Oath of Abjuration the northern provinces of the Netherlands formally reject the rule of the Spanish king, Philip II | |
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| 1581 |
| | | The first dramatic ballet, the Balet Comique de la Reine, is presented during French wedding festivities | |
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| 1581 |
| | | Tasso, in Gerusalemme Liberata ('Jerusalem Liberated'), turns the first crusade into a romantic epic | |
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| 1581 |
| | | Finland is granted the status of a separate grand duchy within the realm of Sweden | |
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| 1582 |
| | | The new and more accurate Gregorian calendar is introduced by Gregory XIII in the papal states | |
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| 1582 |
| | | The 18-year-old William Shakespeare marries Anne Hathaway in Stratford-upon-Avon | |
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| 1583 |
| | | The Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China, and becomes the first western student of Chinese civilization | |
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| 1583 |
| | | Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland on behalf of England's queen Elizabeth | |
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| 1585 |
| | | England's queen Elizabeth sends 6000 troops to support the Dutch rebels against Spain | |
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| c. 1585 |
| | | Catholics are now the martyrs in England, their numbers almost matching the Protestant martyrs of the previous reign | |
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| 1585 |
| | | Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina, is settled by the first English colonists in America – with disastrous results | |
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| c. 1585 |
| | | The English artist John White paints the everyday life of the Secotan Indians of America | |
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| 1586 |
| | | Anthony Babington is involved in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne | |
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