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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1563 |
| | The Northern Seven Years' War breaks out between Denmark and Sweden | |
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| c. 1564 |
| | The bishop of Transylvania, Ferenc Dávid, preaches that only God the Father is divine, launching the Unitarian faith | |
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| 1564 |
| | Marlowe and Shakespeare are born in the same year, with Marlowe the older by two months | |
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| c. 1565 |
| | Pieter Brueghel the Elder depicts biblical events taking place among the peasants of the Netherlands countryside | |
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| 1565 |
| | Mary Queen of Scots marries her Catholic cousin, Henry Darnley | |
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| 1566 |
| | Mary Queen of Scots' secretary, David Rizzio, is dragged from her presence and stabbed to death | |
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| 1566 |
| | Mary Queen of Scots' husband Darnley is treacherously involved in the murder of her secretary, Rizzio | |
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| 1567 |
| | The Book of Common Prayer and the New Testament are published in Welsh, to be followed by the complete Bible in 1588 | |
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| 1567 |
| | Darnley is murdered, almost certainly at the instigation of Mary Queen of Scots' lover, Bothwell, whom she marries just three months later | |
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| 1567 |
| | The duke of Alba introduces a reign of terror in the Spanish Netherlands, by means of a tribunal known as the Council of Blood | |
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| 1567 |
| | A casket of letters seems to incriminate Mary Queen of Scots herself in the murder of her husband, Darnley | |
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| 1567 |
| | The events of this year give the Protestant nobility the occasion and opportunity of deposing Mary Queen of Scots | |
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| 1567 |
| | On the removal of Mary from the Scottish throne, her one-year-old son succeeds her as James VI | |
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| 1568 |
| | Discovery of the Solomon Islands by a Spanish ship prompts interest in a possible Terra Australis Incognita ('unknown southern land') | |
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| 1568 |
| | Mary Queen of Scots flees across the border to seek the help of her English cousin, Elizabeth, but finds herself kept under close guard | |
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| 1569 |
| | A rebellion in the north of England aims to put Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne | |
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| 1569 |
| | Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator publishes a map of the world, using the projection now known by his name | |
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| c. 1570 |
| | Privateers frequent the Spanish main to plunder the richly laden caravels on their way home to Europe | |
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| c. 1570 |
| | The Ashanti establish a powerful kingdom in present-day Ghana, with their capital at Kumasi | |
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| c. 1570 |
| | Palladio publishes I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura ('The Four Books of Architecture'), which include his influential designs for villas | |
|  | Villa Malcontenta, Venice Photograph John Julius Norwich
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| 1570 |
| | Pope Pius V excommunicates the English queen, Elizabeth I, causing a severe crisis of loyalty for her Catholic subjects | |
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| 1571 |
| | The Spanish governor general, Legazpi, makes his capital at Manila,and names the surrounding islands the Philippines after Philip II | |
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| 1571 |
| | Akbar builds his new palace of Fatehpur Sikri close to the shrine of a Sufi saint | |
|  | Fatehpur Sikri, diwan-i-khas Fotofile CG
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| 1571 |
| | The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City | |
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| 1571 |
| | Roberto di Ridolfi, a Florentine banker, coordinates a scheme to win the English throne for Mary Queen of Scots | |
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| 1571 |
| | Galleys are rowed into battle for the last time at Lepanto, ending a fighting career of some 2500 years | |
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| 1571 |
| | Spanish and Venetian galleys defeat the Turks in the battle of Lepanto | |
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| 1572 |
| | A massacre of French Protestants, known as the Huguenots, begins in Paris on St Bartholomew's Day | |
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| 1572 |
| | Luis de Camoëns publishes The Lusiads, the poem which becomes Portugal's national epic | |
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| 1572 |
| | Sea beggars seize the town of Brill and raise the flag of William of Orange (also known as William the Silent) | |
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| 1573 |
| | The tomb in Delhi of the Mughal emperor Humayun introduces the shape of dome which characterizes his dynasty's architecture | |
|  | Humayun tomb, Delhi Fotofile CG
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| 1573 |
| | William of Orange declares himself a Calvinist and assumes the leadership of the united provinces of the Netherlands | |
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| 1573 |
| | Oda Nobunaga takes power into his own hands, after ruling for a while through the Ashikaga shogun | |
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