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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1521 |
| | Ignatius of Loyola, recovering from a wound received as a soldier at Pamplona, is inspired by reading the lives of the saints | |
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| 1522 |
| | Outlawed by the Edict of Worms, Luther lives secretly in the Wartburg as Junker Georg | |
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| 1522 |
| | Huldreich Zwingli eats sausage in Lent in Zurich, launching the Swiss Reformation | |
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| 1522 |
| | One surviving ship of Magellan's fleet, the Victoria, returns to Sanlucar, in Spain, with Sebastian Cano in command | |
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| 1523 |
| | Hans Sachs, popular poet and master singer, describes Luther as the Wittenberg nightingale | |
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| 1523 |
| | The Vasa dynasty in Sweden begins with the seizing of the throne by Gustavus I | |
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| 1524 |
| | William Tyndale studies in the university at Wittenberg and plans to translate the Bible into English | |
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| 1525 |
| | The French king, Francis I, is taken prisoner by the Spanish at the battle of Pavia | |
|  | Near-contemporary painting of the battle Royal Armouries
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| 1525 |
| | Luther, a former friar, marries Catherine von Bora, a former nun who has just emerged from her convent | |
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| 1525 |
| | The Inca emperor, Huayna Capac, dies in an epidemic of a western disease, smallpox | |
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| 1525 |
| | Ruling respectively from Cuzco and Quito, Huáscar and Atahualpa compete for the empire of their father, Huayna Capac | |
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| 1525 |
| | Conrad Grebel baptises an adult, causing outrage in Protestant Zurich | |
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| 1525 |
| | Thomas Müntzer leads the rebels in the Peasant War, to the profound displeasure of Luther | |
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| 1525 |
| | Muslims throughout Spain are ordered to convert to Christianity or to leave the kingdom | |
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| 1525 |
| | The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America | |
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| c. 1525 |
| | Lucas Cranach's studio in Wittenberg has a profitable line in naked female figures from mythology | |
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| 1526 |
| | In a battle at Panipat Babur defeats the sultan of Delhi, launching the Mughal empire in India | |
|  | Elephant armour of a type probably worn at Panipat Royal Armouries
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| 1526 |
| | The Hungarian king, Louis II, is killed in battle at Mohacs, where the Turks win a crushing victory | |
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| 1526 |
| | Hans Holbein the Younger pays his first visit to England, and stays with Thomas More in Chelsea | |
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| 1527 |
| | Pope Clement VII hides in Castel Sant'Angelo while Rome is sacked by German mercenaries | |
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| 1527 |
| | Francis I begins to transform Fontainebleau into a palace, employing artists who establish the mannerist school of Fontainebleau | |
|  | Fontainebleau Fotofile CG
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| 1527 |
| | Victory at Khanua, over a Hindu confederation of Rajput rulers, brings Babur a tenuous control over most of northwest India | |
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| 1527 |
| | Gustavus I of Sweden fills his coffers by appropriating the property of Catholic churches and monasteries | |
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| 1528 |
| | Discussion of Henry VIII's proposed divorce hinges on rival verses from the Old Testament, in Deuteronomy and Leviticus | |
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| 1528 |
| | In a desperate attempt to retain royal favour, when suspected by the king of opposing his divorce, Cardinal Wolsey gives his spectacular Hampton Court Palace to Henry VIII | |
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| 1529 |
| | After the fall of Wolsey, Henry VIII appoints Thomas More as his Lord Chancellor | |
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| 1529 |
| | The 'Protestation' of various princes and imperial cities at Speyer identifies them as Protestants | |
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| 1529 |
| | Protestant reformers Luther and Zwingli disagree at Marburg on the nature of the Eucharist | |
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| 1530 |
| | Ahmad ibn Ibrahim leads Muslim Somalis in a holy war against Christian Ethiopia, destroying churches and shrines | |
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| 1530 |
| | Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru | |
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| 1530 |
| | Charles V gives Malta to the Knights of St John at an annual rental of one falcon | |
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| 1530 |
| | The Augsburg Confession, presented by Melanchthon to the imperial diet, defines the Lutheran faith | |
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