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| | | | World History timeline |
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| c. 1275 |
| | | The Mamelukes control Palestine and Syria, bringing the region securely back into Muslim hands | |
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| 1278 |
| | | At Dürnkrut Rudolf I defeats and kills Otakar II, his rival for Austria - thus bringing the Austrian territories into the Habsburg domain | |
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| 1279 |
| | | With the fall of Hangzhou, the Song imperial capital, Kublai Khan's new Yüan dynasty is secure | |
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| 1279 |
| | | Resistance from the last adherents of the Song dynasty is finally brought to an end, giving Kublai Khan control of a united China | |
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| 11279 |
| | | Beijing (known to the Mongols as Khanbaliq, 'city of the khan', and to the Chinese as Dadu, 'great capital') becomes for the first time the capital of China | |
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| c. 1279 |
| | | The Tibetan link with the Mongols brings Tibet within the Chinese empire of Kublai Khan | |
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| 1281 |
| | | For the second time Japan is saved from Mongol invasion by powerful storms - which are given the name kamikaze, or 'divine wind' | |
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| 1281 |
| | | An incident in a church service sparks the uprising known as the Sicilian Vespers, in which 2000 French are killed overnight in Sicily | |
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| 1282 |
| | | An uprising by Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, the prince of Wales, ends with his own death and the subjugation of Wales by the king of England, Edward I | |
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| 1238 |
| | | Work begins on the Alhambra, the palace fortress of the Muslim kings of Granada | |
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| 1283 |
| | | Edward I begins a series of powerful castles - Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy in this year alone - to subdue the Welsh | |
|  | Beaumaris Castle
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1285 |
| | | Osman inherits the leadership of the tribal group later known by a version of his name, as the Ottoman Turks | |
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| 1289 |
| | | Edward I of England arranges for his 5-year-old heir to marry Margaret the Maid of Norway, the 7-year-old heiress to the kingdom of Scotland | |
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| 1290 |
| | | The death of Margaret, child heiress to the Scottish throne, results in John de Balliol being chosen as king | |
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| c. 1290 |
| | | The classical work of the Kabbalah, the Zohar, is almost certainly the work of the Spanish Kabbalist Moses de Leon | |
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| 1290 |
| | | The Jews in England are driven out of the country, soon to be followed by those in France | |
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| 1291 |
| | | The Swiss forest districts of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden sign an Everlasting League (in the Rütli meadow) to resist Habsburg domination | |
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| 1294 |
| | | The first open-air democratic assembly, later characteristic of the Swiss cantons, is held in Schwyz | |
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| 1294 |
| | | Kublai Khan dies and is succeeded, as second emperor of the Yuan dynasty, by his grandson Temür | |
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| 1295 |
| | | The parliament summoned by Edward I in Westminster Hall is later seen as a 'model' for the breadth of its representation | |
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| 1295 |
| | | Marco Polo is back in Venice after an absence of 25 years in the east | |
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| 1296 |
| | | Edward I invades Scotland, massacres the people of Berwick, captures John de Balliol and brings to Westminster the Stone of Scone | |
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| 1297 |
| | | The English government in Dublin calls a parliament on the lines of England's recent Model Parliament | |
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| 1297 |
| | | William Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge enables him to rule Scotland on behalf of John de Balliol | |
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| 1298 |
| | | The authorities in Siena publish strict regulations for the design of the buildings around a new central piazza, the Campo | |
|  | Siena
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| 1298 |
| | | Marco Polo, in prison in Genoa, is persuaded by a fellow prisoner to narrate his adventures | |
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| 1298 |
| | | The English longbow, in one of its early appearances, proves too much for the Scots at Falkirk | |
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| 1298 |
| | | Edward I's victory at Falkirk ends the career of William Wallace, of whom nothing more is heard until his capture and execution in 1305 | |
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| 1299 |
| | | Southampton boasts the earliest known bowling green, mentioned in a document of this year | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | | Flying buttresses are a striking new structural feature on the exterior of Gothic cathedrals | |
|  | Flying buttress
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| c. 1300 |
| | | The Early English phase in Gothic architecture gives way to the Decorated style | |
|  | Chapter House, Wells Cathedral
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| c. 1300 |
| | | The formalities of the Tea Ceremony demand equivalently exquisite wares from the Japanese potters | |
|  | Tea Ceremony house
Charles Peel
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| 1300 |
| | | Boniface VIII declares a Jubilee or Holy Year, with plenary indulgences for pilgrims who make their way to Rome | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | | Mosaic begins to yield to fresco, as the chief medium for the decoration of Christian churches | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | | Portolan charts, showing the coastlines of the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Atlantic coast, are the start of accurate mapmaking | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | | Tabriz under the Mongol Il-khans is the first centre of Persian miniature painting | |
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