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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1120 |
| | | The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem | |
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| c. 1130 |
| | | A popular French poem, the Chanson de Roland, turns a minor disaster in one of Charlemagne's campaigns into a tale of epic heroism | |
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| c. 1130 |
| | | The full flowering of the Romanesque style is seen in the nave of the abbey church at Vézelay, in France | |
|  | Vezelay
Fotofile CG
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| 1132 |
| | | Work begins on the exquisite palace chapel in Palermo, built for the Norman kings of Sicily | |
|  | Capella Palatina, Christ Pantocrator
Fotofile CG
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| 1135 |
| | | On the death of Henry I, his nephew Stephen moves quickly to keep Henry's daughter Matilda off the English throne | |
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| c. 1136 |
| | | Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty | |
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| 1138 |
| | | Conrad III, of the Hohenstaufen family, is elected German king - a title which remains in the family for more than a century, bringing with it that of Holy Roman emperor | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Pope Innocent III and the second Lateran council outlaw the crossbow as a weapon causing unacceptable devastation | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Victory over the Muslims at Ourique is seen as the moment of Portugal's independence from the kingdom of Leon | |
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| 1142 |
| | | The great castle of Krak des Chevaliers is built in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Knights of St John | |
|  | Krak des Chevaliers
Fotofile CG
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| 1144 |
| | | The new abbey church of St Denis is consecrated near Paris, introducing the style of architecture later known as Gothic | |
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| 1144 |
| | | The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East | |
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| 1144 |
| | | The fall of Edessa prompts the pope, Eugenius III, to call for a second crusade to defend the Latin kingdom | |
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| c. 1145 |
| | | A new form of pious devotion is seen in Chartres, with people painfully dragging wagons of stone to enlarge the cathedral | |
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| 1145 |
| | | A bishop in the crusader territories of the Middle East has news of a fabulously wealthy Christian king, Prester John | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Rival Berber tribesmen, the Almohads, evict the Almoravids from Marrakech and soon conquer the whole north African coast | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Alfonso I takes Lisbon from the Muslims, with the unexpected help of some passing English crusaders | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Gilbert of Hastings, an English priest, becomes bishop of the recovered see of Lisbon - the first of many such links between England and Portugal | |
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| 1147 |
| | | The second crusade is led east by two kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Seville falls to the Almohads, from north Africa, who make it their Spanish capital | |
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| 1148 |
| | | By the time Louis VII and Conrad III reach the Holy Land they have lost more than half their joint armies to Muslim attacks | |
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| 1148 |
| | | Louis VII and Conrad III do grave harm to the Latin Kingdom by a feeble attack that merely alienates the previously friendly city of Damascus | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | In feudal France and Germany Charlemagne is by now venerated as a saint | |
|  | Reliquary head of Charlemagne
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The city of Angkor and the great temple of Angkor Wat are created by the Khmer dynasty in Cambodia | |
|  | Angkor Wat
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The Medici move into Florence from their country home in the Mugello valley | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | After centuries of raiding the northern part of Sri Lanka, the Tamils establish a settled Hindu presence in the island | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The biblical kings and queens in the west porch of Chartres cathedral are a striking early example of Gothic sculpture | |
|  | Chartres Cathedral, figures round north door
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1150 |
| | | Zen Buddhism reaches Japan from China and appeals greatly to the new samurai class | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | German merchants begin trading along the coasts of Latvia and Estonia, a region to which they give the name Livonia | |
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| 1150 |
| | | The merging of Catalonia with Aragon, by marriage, creates a power in northern Spain of comparable strength to Castile | |
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| 1152 |
| | | Frederick Barbarossa becomes king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor, greatly extending the power of the empire during a long reign | |
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| 1154 |
| | | The inhabitants of Damascus surrender their city to Nur ed-Din, helping him greatly in his campaign against the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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| 1154 |
| | | Henry II, coming to the throne of England, is king or feudal overlord of an unbroken swathe of territory from the Tweed to the Pyrenees | |
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| 1156 |
| | | Vienna is adopted by the Babenberg rulers as the capital city of Austria | |
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| 1157 |
| | | A Russian prince, Andrei Bogolyubski, makes his capital east of Moscow at Vladimir, where he builds a cathedral and several churches | |
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