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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1077 |
| | | The emperor Henry IV stands as a penitent outside the pope's castle at Canossa, so as to be released from excommunication. | |
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| 1078 |
| | | Anselm includes in his Proslogion his famous 'ontological proof' of the existence of God | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | | Omar Khayyám, mathematician and astronomer, writes four-line verses, or quatrains, in his spare time | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | | Work begins on the story of the Norman conquest, narrated in embroidery in the Bayeux tapestry | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | | Norman earls are given territories on the marches of Wales, with the specific task of raiding their neighbours | |
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| 1082 |
| | | Venice acquires valuable trading privileges from Constantinople, her merchants being excused all dues and customs in the Byzantine empire | |
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| 1084 |
| | | St Bruno and six companions retire to Chartreuse, in the French Alps, and establish the Carthusian order | |
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| 1085 |
| | | Toledo is captured from the Muslims by Alfonso VI of Castile, who continues the city's traditions of religious tolerance | |
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| 1087 |
| | | On the death of his father, William the Conqueror, William II becomes king of England | |
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| 1087 |
| | | The Domesday Book provides the Normans with an inventory of England | |
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| 1091 |
| | | Roger I, the first Norman count of Sicily, completes the conquest of the island from the Muslims | |
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| 1093 |
| | | Work begins on a new cathedral in Durham, which will become an outstanding example of Norman (or Romanesque) architecture | |
|  | Durham Cathedral
Fotofile CG
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| 1094 |
| | | Rodrigo Diaz, known as El Cid, drives out the Muslims and wins Valencia | |
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| 1095 |
| | | Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims | |
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| 1096 |
| | | Peter the Hermit, an old monk on a donkey, leads the largest of the popular groups from Germany on the first crusade | |
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| 1096 |
| | | The German crusade begins with a massacre of Jews in many of the region's cities | |
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| c. 1098 |
| | | Benedictine monks, wishing to return to the early ideals of the order, form a community at Cîteaux which becomes the Cistercian order | |
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| 1098 |
| | | After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Konya, in central Turkey, becomes the capital of the Seljuk Turks, who call themselves sultans of Rum | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | The Assassins, a sect of Nizari Ismailis, begin to acquire strongholds in Persia | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | Many of the towns of northern Italy acquire virtual independence as self-governing communes | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | Greek texts, translated by Arabic scholars in Baghdad, gradually make their way through the Muslim world to Christian Europe | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | Chinese potters in the Song dynasty develop the wares known as celadons, with thick transparent green glazes | |
|  | Celadon wine jug
Fotofile CG
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| 1100 |
| | | On the death of his brother, William II, Henry I becomes king of England | |
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| c. 1102 |
| | | The chansons de geste, performed by professional minstrels in castles and manors, celebrate the exploits of Charlemagne and his paladins | |
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| c. 1109 |
| | | The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa | |
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| 1113 |
| | | The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection | |
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| c. 1115 |
| | | Peter Abelard teaches philosophy at Notre Dame until an affair with one of his pupils, Héloïse, brings his career to a dramatic end | |
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| 1115 |
| | | St Bernard establishes a new monastery at Clairvaux, from which he presides over the rapid expansion of the Cistercian order | |
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| c. 1120 |
| | | The troubadours of Provence develop a new form of love poetry in French, introducing courtly love | |
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| 1120 |
| | | The White Ship strikes a rock off the Cherbourg peninsula drowning William the Aetheling, heir to the English throne | |
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