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Timelines List

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	World History timeline
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	743
	Boniface, working as a missionary among pagan Germans, makes his headquarters at Mainz

	747
	The elder son of Charles Martel retires to a monastery, leaving Pepin III in control of the entire Frankish empire

	c. 750
	With papal support Pepin III is elected king of the Franks, beginning the Carolingian dynasty (named from his father, Charles Martel)

	c. 750
	Karaism, relying on scripture rather than rabbinical commentary, develops among the Jewish community in Babylon

	c. 750
	T'ang potters make vigorous and brightly coloured figures, of horses, camels or human attendants, to accompany the dead in the grave

	c. 750
	The Arabic language gradually replaces Aramaic as the lingua franca of the Middle East

	c. 750
	The professional bards of the Germanic tribes give lasting life to Norse legend

	c. 750
	Sufism develops as a mystical strain within Islam

	750
	The Abbasids massacre the Umayyads in Damascus and establish a new caliphate

	751
	A battle at the Talas river, between the Chinese and the Arabs, is a decisive victory for the Arabs

	751
	Skilled Chinese paper-makers are captured by the Arabs - beginning the slow westward transmission of the technology of paper

	751
	Muscat and Oman establish a tradition of spiritual rule by elected imams

	753
	Pope Stephen II anoints Pepin III and his two sons (one of them Charlemagne) in the abbey church of St Denis

	756
	Abd-ar-Rahman, escaping from the massacre of his family in Syria, establishes a new Umayyad dynasty at Cordoba

	756
	Pepin III, after recovering Byzantine territories in Italy from the Lombards, hands control of the region to the pope in Rome

	762
	The Abbasid caliphs create Baghdad as a new capital city on the Tigris

	768
	The empress of Japan, in a remarkable start to the story of printing, commissions a million copies of a Buddhist charm

	768
	On the death of Pepin III, the empire of the Franks is divided between his two sons - Charlemagne and his younger brother, Carloman

	771
	On the death of his brother, Charlemagne inherits the entire kingdom of the Franks

	772
	Charlemagne destroys a great Saxon shrine, the Irminsul - the start of a 30-year campaign against his pagan neighbours in what is now Germany

	774
	After two campaigns in Lombardy, Charlemagne establishes himself as king of the Lombards in northern Italy

	778
	An attack on Charlemagne's army, traditionally at the pass of Roncesvalles in the Pyrenees, is later the basis for the Chanson de Roland

	c. 780
	Islam reaches Shanga, off the east coast of Africa, with the building of a tiny wooden mosque

	c. 780
	The Anglo-Saxons have a name for the Celts west of Offa's dyke - wealas or Welsh, meaning foreigners

	781
	Charlemagne, meeting the English scholar Alcuin on a visit to Italy, invites him to become head of the palace school in Aachen

	793
	The monks of Lindisfarne become the first known overseas victims of a Viking raid

	794
	The Japanese imperial court moves to a new capital city - Kyoto

	796
	Alcuin leaves the palace school at Aachen to become abbot of the monastery of Tours

	c. 800
	The use of zero, essential in practical mathematics, is now familiar in India and is adopted in Baghdad

	c. 800
	The style of architecture of early medieval Europe is Romanesque, in the sense of deriving from Roman examples

	c. 800
	Scholars in Baghdad begin translating Greek and Syriac texts into Arabic

	c. 800
	The Ismailis become a separate Shi'a sect when they dispute the succession after the death of the sixth imam

	c. 800
	The script known as Carolingian minuscule (basis of the modern roman typeface) is developed by Alcuin and his scribes at the monastery of Tours

	c. 800
	Batán Grande, in northern Peru, becomes a great pilgrimage centre in the Sican culture

	c. 800
	Nestorian beliefs become the orthodoxy of the Christian community in Persia, spreading from there to India and China

	c. 800
	The luxury of Baghdad, under the caliph Harun al-Rashid, is evident in the Thousand and One Nights

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