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| | | | World History timeline |
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| c. 4400 BC |
| | | The first evidence of a loom comes from this period in Egypt, but some simple method of holding the warp must be as old as weaving | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | A passage grave with a superb corbelled dome is constructed on the Île Longue off the southern coast of Brittany | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | Oxen are the first draught animals, in use at this time in the Middle East and in Europe | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | In Mesopotamia, and on the grass steppes of southern Russia, oxen are used to pull heavy loads on sledges | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | A simple hand-held plough is in use in Egypt and Mesopotamia, at least 1000 years before a heavier version is pulled by oxen | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | Beer is brewed in Mesopotamia, where barley is an indigenous crop | |
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| c. 3800 BC |
| | | Copper is extracted from ore by smelting at various sites in Iran | |
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| 3761 BC |
| | | Later selected by Hebrew scholars as the date when the world began, this becomes the first year (AM 1) in Jewish chronology | |
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| c. 3250 BC |
| | | A neolithic herdsman dies high in the Alps - and is perfectly preserved in ice | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Sumer develops as the first centre of Mesopotamian civilization | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Upper and Lower Egypt are unified into a single kingdom, inaugurating the first Egyptian dynasty | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | The Egyptians paint murals on the walls of tombs, designed to help the occupants in the next world | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Writing is developed, at Sumer, as cuneiform script on clay tablets | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | The Egyptian hieroglyphic script develops at much the same time as the Sumerian cuneiform | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | The pharaoh Narmer celebrates a victory with a sculpted relief showing his personal dominance over the enemy | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | An easily portable writing surface is developed, from the papyrus plant of the Nile | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The lever is in use in both Mesopotamia and Egypt | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The llama and the alpaca, two south American members of the camel family, are domesticated | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The sculptors of the Cyclades produce stylized and formal figures, mainly female, in white marble | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Wheels are in use on carts, particularly where wood is easily available and the ground rough - as in the forests of Europe | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Slavery arrives as part of the package of civlization, along with armies, public works and social hierarchies | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | On the steppes of central Asia tribesmen tame, breed and eventually ride horses | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Oxen are given the heavy work of pulling the plough, previously done by men | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Potters in Mesopotamia turn their pots on wheels | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The people known as Phoenicians are in the region of modern Lebanon from around this date | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Semitic tribes move up from the Arabian peninsula, through Sinai into Palestine and Syria | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The language of a single tribe in eastern Europe, as recently as 3000 BC, is the ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The ass, until now roaming wild from northeast Africa to Mesopotamia, is domesticated in Egypt | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The earliest known currency, consisting of gold bars, is in use in Egypt and Mespotamia | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The world's earliest known board game, senet, is played in Egypt | |
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| c. 2850 BC |
| | | The Chinese discover that the cocoon of a certain worm can be unwound, spun as thread and then woven - thus creating silk | |
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| c. 2800 BC |
| | | Objects are cast in bronze, at Ur in Mesopotamia - introducing what is later called the Bronze Age | |
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| c. 2800 BC |
| | | The harp and the lyre are in use as musical instruments in Mesopotamia | |
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| c. 2800 BC |
| | | Byblos (modern Jbeil) evolves to become the most important seaport and city of Phoenicia | |
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