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| | | | World History timeline |
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| c. 525 |
| | | St Benedict gathers fellow hermits at Subiaco into a series of small monasteries | |
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| 525 |
| | | The law is changed to allow Justinian, of senatorial rank, to marry Theodora — whom courtesy describes as an actress | |
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| c. 525 |
| | | Boethius, in prison in Pavia and awaiting execution, writes the Consolation of Philosophy | |
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| 526 |
| | | By the end of his long reign Theodoric amply justifies his title 'the Great' and his place in legend as Dietrich von Bern | |
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| 527 |
| | | Justinian becomes emperor in Constantinople, beginning a reign which will restore the empire to much of its former glory | |
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| 527 |
| | | The monastery of St Catherine's in Sinai is founded by Justinian, and will accumulate one of the world's greatest collections of icons | |
|  | Icon, St.Catherine's Monastery
Fotofile CG
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| 529 |
| | | Justinian closes down the schools of Athens, famous for their tradition of pagan philosophy | |
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| c. 530 |
| | | St Finnian founds the first of Ireland's great Celtic monasteries, at Clonard | |
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| c. 530 |
| | | St Benedict founds a monastery at Monte Cassino and writes a Rule for the monks which becomes the basis of the Benedictine order | |
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| 532 |
| | | Theodora shows her mettle, as empress, in her response to the anarchy and terror unleashed in Constantinople by the Nika revolt | |
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| 533 |
| | | The Byzantine general Belisarius recovers Carthage from the Vandals | |
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| 534 |
| | | The codification of Roman law, ordered by Justinian, is completed | |
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| c. 535 |
| | | Belisarius, conquering the Vandals in north Africa, pioneers the strategic concept of the castle | |
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| 535 |
| | | Belisarius lands in Sicily at the start of a five-year campaign to recover Ravenna for the Byzantine emperor | |
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| 537 |
| | | The great domed church of Santa Sophia, bebuilt on the orders of Justinian, is completed after only five years of construction | |
|  | Santa Sophia
Fotofile CG
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| 537 |
| | | The vast dome of Santa Sophia in Constantinople is supported on a square of four arches, making the most sophisticated use so far of the pendentive | |
|  | Pendentive
Fotofile CG
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| 538 |
| | | A Buddhist image, sent as a gift from Korea, introduces the religion to Japan | |
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| c. 540 |
| | | Khosrau I builds himself a superb new palace, of which the great vaulted Taq-e Kisra remains today at Ctesiphon | |
|  | Ctesiphon
Fotofile CG
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| c. 540 |
| | | Khosrau I commissions a spectacular Spring Carpet for the floor of his hall of audience in Ctesiphon | |
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| c. 543 |
| | | Christianity reaches the kingdom of Dongola, in present-day Sudan | |
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| 547 |
| | | Justinian and Theodora, each with a retinue of attendants, face each other in mosaic from the walls of San Vitale in Ravenna | |
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| c. 550 |
| | | The Slavs arrive in the Balkans and settle in all parts of the region except Albania | |
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| c. 550 |
| | | Caves along the Silk Road are decorated with a profusion of carvings in the traditions of Mahayana Buddhism | |
|  | Bamiyan
Fotofile CG
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| c. 550 |
| | | Chess is first played at about this time, in India, before spreading west to Persia | |
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| c. 550 |
| | | Most of Spain is by now in the hands of the Visigoths, though for a while the Byzantines win back territories in the south | |
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| c. 550 |
| | | If there is any historical basis for the legendary King Arthur, it is as a Celtic chieftain resisting the Anglo-Saxons in the sixth century | |
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| 552 |
| | | The territories won by Clovis become divided into the two Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria | |
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| 563 |
| | | St Columba establishes a monastery on the island of Iona, from which Celtic Christianity is carried to Scotland and northern England | |
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| 568 |
| | | The Lombards invade northern Italy, and within four years occupy it as far south as the Po | |
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| 569 |
| | | Fugitives from the Lombard invasion of northern Italy take refuge on islands in the Venetian lagoon - and become the founders of Venice | |
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| c. 580 |
| | | St David founds monasteries in Wales and makes his base at Mynyw, a place now known after him as St David's | |
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| c. 584 |
| | | Byzantine Italy is brought under a new administration, or exarchate, based in Ravenna | |
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| 589 |
| | | The word filioque ('and from the Son') becomes a major bone of contention between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches | |
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| 589 |
| | | After three centuries of chaos and disunion in China, a stable dynasty - the Sui - is established by Wen Ti (the Cultured Emperor) | |
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| 591 |
| | | Gregory, bishop of Tours, brings his 'History of the Franks' up to this year | |
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