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| | | | World History timeline |
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| c. 315 |
| | | Constantine founds several churches in Rome, among them the first St Peter's | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | The territory of the Gupta dynasty is extended by Chandra Gupta, to include most of the great plain of the Ganges | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Pachomius organizes in Egypt the first community of Christian monks, at Dandara on the Nile | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Constantine's new churches in Rome introduce an important element in church architecture, the transept | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Roman mosaic is at its most lavish in the floors of Piazza Armerina, in central Sicily | |
|  | Piazza Armerina, Sicily
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| 325 |
| | | Constantine executes Licinius in Thessalonica on a charge of attempted rebellion, a year after defeating him in battle | |
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| 325 |
| | | Constantine convenes a council of 200 bishops at Nicaea to discuss the beliefs of Arius, which are deemed to be heresy | |
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| c. 327 |
| | | Helena, mother of the emperor Constantine, discovers in Jerusalem the cross on which Christ died - or so it is later claimed | |
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| 330 |
| | | Constantine's new Christian city on the site of Byzantium is inaugurated, as Constantinople | |
|  | Constantinople, city walls
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| 337 |
| | | Constantine is at last baptized a Christian in Nicomedia, just a few days before his death | |
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| c. 350 |
| | | The Cushite dynasty fades away in Nubia, after lasting for 1000 years or more | |
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| c. 350 |
| | | The clan ruling the Yamato plain becomes so powerful that its chieftain is seen as the emperor of Japan | |
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| c. 350 |
| | | Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop | |
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| c. 350 |
| | | Greece begins to find a new and influential role in a Christian context, through the Byzantine empire | |
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| c. 360 |
| | | The Christian missionary Ulfilas devises an alphabet for the language of the Goths, so that he can translate the Bible into Gothic | |
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| 360 |
| | | St Martin founds the first monastery in western Europe, at Ligugé near Poitiers | |
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| 360 |
| | | The first church of Santa Sophia in Constantinople, begun by Constantine himself, is completed | |
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| 361 |
| | | Julian, the new emperor in Constantinople, plans to reinstate the pagan cult of the ancient Roman empire | |
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| 363 |
| | | An apocryphal story states that Julian the Apostate, dying at Tarsus, acknowledges the victory of the Galilean, Jesus Christ | |
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| 367 |
| | | A document is distributed by the bishop of Alexandria, formally establishing the contents of the New Testament | |
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| c. 370 |
| | | The Huns, moving from the steppes north of the Black Sea, defeat the Ostrogoths and drive the Visigoths westwards - starting a chain reaction | |
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| 378 |
| | | The Visigoths inflict a devastating defeat on a Roman army at Adrianople, and win for themselves the status of Roman federates | |
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| 379 |
| | | Theodosius becomes the Roman emperor and revives Constantine's close link between church and state | |
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| c. 380 |
| | | Kalidasa, the most distinguished of India's authors in classical Sanskrit, is at the Gupta court in Patna | |
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| c. 380 |
| | | The Codex Sinaiticus, the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete New Testament, is copied out - probably in Egypt | |
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| c. 380 |
| | | Roman legions begin to be withdrawn from Britain, leaving the Celtic population increasingly vulnerable | |
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| 386 |
| | | St Jerome settles in Bethlehem, where his holy women organize a monastery for his residence and a nearby convent for themselves | |
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| 390 |
| | | St Ambrose asserts the authority of the church, refusing communion to the emperor Theodosius in Milan until he does penance for a massacre | |
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| c. 390 |
| | | The church of Santa Pudenziana in Rome begins the great tradition of Christian mosaics | |
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| 393 |
| | | The ancient games at Olympia, with an unbroken tradition of more than 1000 years, are brought to an abrupt end by the emperor Theodosius | |
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| c. 400 |
| | | Niall of the Nine Hostages is the first man to be called king of Ireland, though his direct control does not extend beyond Ulster | |
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| c. 400 |
| | | The Chinese solve the difficult problem of harnessing a horse without strangling it | |
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| c. 400 |
| | | The earlier of the two Talmuds, consisting of commentaries on the Mishnah, is collected by rabbis in Palestine | |
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| c. 400 |
| | | The Yamato clan adapt Shinto to their own purposes, and claim imperial descent from the sun | |
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| c. 400 |
| | | St Augustine reveals that as a young man, studying and teaching in Carthage, he often prayed for 'chastity and continence, but not yet' | |
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