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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1978 |
| | | Anwar el-Sadat and Menachem Begin sign an Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty at Camp David in the USA | |
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| 1978 |
| | | British author Ian McEwan publishes his first novel, The Cement Garden | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Pope John Paul I dies, after a pontificate of only 33 days | |
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| 1978 |
| | | A Catholic-Orthodox joint commission acknowledges the long-term aim of re-establishing full communion between the two churches | |
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| 1978 |
| | | David Attenborough writes and presents Life on Earth, a television series on evolution – the first of his many surveys of natural history | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Polish cardinal Karol Wojtyla is elected pope and takes the name John Paul II | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Belgian cyclist Eddie Merckz retires after a 14-year career with a record 445 victories | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Demonstrations take place throughout Iran, demanding Islamic rule under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar el-Sadat share the Nobel Peace Prize | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia, driving out Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge | |
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| 1978 |
| | | There are so many strikes in Britain this winter that it becomes known as the 'winter of discontent' | |
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| 1979 |
| | | An Islamic revolution forces the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to flee from Iran | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Morocco annexes the Mauritanian part of the Western Sahara, thus taking control of the entire region | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Ayatollah Khomeini receives a rapturous welcome on his return to Iran to head the Islamic Revolutionary Committee | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Francis Ford Coppola directs Marlon Brando and Martin Sheen in Apocalypse Now | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Idi Amin flees from Uganda as Tanzanian troops reach his capital, Kampala | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Partial meltdown of a US nuclear power station at Three Mile Island, near Harrisburg, spreads radioactive steam over a large surrounding area | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Ex-president Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is executed in Pakistan for allegedly authorizing the murder of a political opponent | |
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| 1979 |
| | | The first multiracial elections held in Rhodesia are won by bishop Abel Muzorewa | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Communist measures in Afghanistan provoke a Muslim jihad and the murder of more than 100 Russians in Herat | |
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| 1979 |
| | | The Conservative party wins the general election and Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first female prime minister | |
|  | Margaret Thatcher's election returns and writs in 1979
National Archives, Kew
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| 1979 |
| | | The emergency measures underpinning military rule are repealed in Brazil, and an amnesty restores political rights | |
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| 1979 |
| | | John Paul II makes an emotional and influential return to Poland, the country of his birth | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Young officers, led by flight lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, take power in a coup in Ghana | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Peter Shaffer's play about Mozart, Amadeus, has its premiere in London | |
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| 1979 |
| | | A Sandinista junta, headed by Daniel Ortega, takes power in Nicaragua – bringing to an end four decades of brutal rule by the Somoza dynasty | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Daniel Ortega leads the Sandinistas to electoral victory in Nicaragua | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Lord Mountbatten is killed by an IRA bomb that explodes on his boat in the bay of Donegal | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Opponents of the Sandinistas flee from Nicaragua into Honduras, where they become known as the Contras | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Saddam Hussein begins a reign of terror in Iraq, reading out at a meeting the names of fellow Ba'thists who are to be taken out and shot | |
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| 1979 |
| | | 20-year-old US tennis player John McEnroe wins the singles title in the US Open for the first of four times | |
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| 1979 |
| | | British artist Richard Long lays out his Slate Circle at the Tate Gallery in London | |
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| 1979 |
| | | French paratroops bring to an end the savage rule of Bokassa in the Central African Republic | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US embassy in Tehran, taking hostage 66 US citizens | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Soviet troops invade Afghanistan to suppress anti-communist anarchy | |
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| 1979 |
| | | A conference in London, at Lancaster House, finally achieves agreement on Southern Rhodesia | |
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