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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1951 |
| | | Six European nations agree to joint coal and steel production through the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The new Iranian prime minister, Mohammed Mossadegh, passes the Oil Nationalization Act, seizing Britain's assets in the region | |
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| 1951 |
| | | German-born US philosopher Hannah Arendt links Hitler's and Stalin's regimes in The Origins of Totalitarianism | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The British spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean escape to the Soviet Union just ahead of their detection and arrest | |
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| 1951 |
| | | An agreement is signed by which a joint Tibetan-Chinese authority will nominally govern Tibet | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The Festival of Britain, on the south bank of the Thames in London, celebrates the end of wartime austerity | |
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| 1951 |
| | | British architects Arnold Powell and John Moya design the Skylon as a central feature for the Festival of Britain | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Gertrude Lawrence and Yul Brynner open on Broadway in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Catcher in the Rye is US author J.D. Salinger's immensely successful first novel | |
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| 1951 |
| | | British architect Basil Spence wins the competition to design a new cathedral for Coventry | |
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| 1951 |
| | | UN and Chinese forces reach a stalemate in Korea, facing each other from fixed positions on either side of the 38th Parallel | |
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| 1951 |
| | | British author John Wyndham creates a dark fantasy in his novel The Day of the Triffids | |
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| 1951 |
| | | In Christ of St John of the CrossSalvador Dali paints an image of the crucified Christ seeming to fly on his cross | |
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| 1951 |
| | | British-Canadian choreographer Celia Franca founds the National Ballet of Canada | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The Batllistas, followers in Uruguay of José Batlle, attempt an unusual experiment in the reform of government | |
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| 1951 |
| | | A Question of Upbringing begins Antony Powell's 'A Dance to the Music of Time' | |
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| 1951 |
| | | King Abdullah of Jordan is assassinated on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem | |
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| 1951 |
| | | US novelist Carson McCullers publishes a collection of stories, The Ballad of the Sad Caf&eacaute; | |
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| 1951 |
| | | John Huston directs Humphrey Bogart and Katherine Hepburn in The African Queen, based on a C.S. Forester story | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The Rake's Progress, with music by Igor Stravinsky and libretto by W.H. Auden and Chester Kallman, has its premiere in Venice | |
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| 1951 |
| | | British art historian Nikolaus Pevsner undertakes a massive task, a county-by-county description of The Buildings of England | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Japanese film director Kurosawa Akira makes an international reputation with Rashomon | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Labour loses the general election and Winston Churchill returns to Downing Street as prime minister | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The cult of Chairman Mao is officially encouraged in China, partly through steady publication of his works | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The first hydrogen bomb is successfully tested by the US at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Argentinian driver Juan Manuel Fangio wins the first of five Grand Prix world championship titles | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Libya wins independence from Italy, as a kingdom with Idris I as head of state | |
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| 1951 |
| | | Henri Matisse completes the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence, with every detail designed by himself | |
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| 1952 |
| | | George VI dies and is succeeded by his elder daughter as Elizabeth II | |
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| 1952 |
| | | Hans Werner Henze's first full-length opera, Boulevard Solitude, has its premiere in Hanover | |
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| 1952 |
| | | US boxer Rocky Marciano becomes world heavyweight champion, defeating 'Jersey Joe' Walcott | |
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| 1952 |
| | | A decision by the United Nations makes Eritrea an autonomous federal province within Ethiopia | |
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| 1952 |
| | | French economist Jean Monnet becomes the first president of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) | |
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| 1952 |
| | | A left-wing coup brings Paz Estenssoro to power and launches a 12-year revolution in Bolivia | |
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| 1952 |
| | | US author Ralph Ellison publishes his first novel, Invisible Man, a Kafkaesque account of a black immigrant's life in New York | |
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| 1952 |
| | | X-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin, working at King's College in London, photographs DNA | |
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