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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1945 January I7 |
| | | After Soviet troops liberate Hungary, Raoul Wallenberg is abducted and vanishes | |
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| 1945 January 27 |
| | | The Red Army liberates the surviving prisoners at Auschwitz, who include the Italian novelist Primo Levi | |
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| c. 1945 |
| | | Gamal Abdel Nasser and army colleagues form a secret party, the Free Officers, to fight for an independent Egyptian republic | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Arab countries, gathered for a conference in Cairo, form the Arab League to further their joint interests | |
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| 1945 |
| | | English painter Francis Bacon creates a sensation with his Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Harold Macmillan's responsibilties in Yugoslavia involve him, with others, in subsequently controversial decisions about the 'victims of Yalta' | |
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| 1945 |
| | | English author Nancy Mitford has her first success with the novel The Pursuit of Love | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Maurice 'Rocket' Richard is the first to score 50 goals in a Canadian National Hockey League season | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Austrian philosopher Karl Popper publishes The Open Society and its Enemies | |
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| 1945 |
| | | US dramatist Tennessee Williams has his first success with The Glass Menagerie | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Benjamin Britten's opera Peter Grimes has its premiere in London, at the Sadler's Wells theatre | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Jean-Louis Barrault directs and stars in the film Les Enfants du Paradis | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Alexander Solzhenitsyn is sentenced to eight years in a Soviet labour camp for critizing Stalin in a private correspondence | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Demonstrations in Algeria spark off an uprising against French rule, which is put down with the loss of perhaps 10,000 Muslim lives | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Igor Stravinsky's Symphony in Three Movements, premiered in New York, derives from music written for or inspired by films | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Achmed Sukarno makes a unilateral declaration of Indonesian independence, and leads the subsequent struggle against the Dutch | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Austrian composer Anton Webern is accidentally killed near Salzburg by a soldier in the US occupation force | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Juan Perón, professed friend of the poor in Argentina, is arrested by brother officers | |
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| 1945 |
| | | A mass demonstration by trade unions in Buenos Aires results in the release of Perón | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Russian-born novelist Vladimir Nabokov becomes a US citizen | |
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| 1945 |
| | | British chemist Dorothy Hodgkin describes the molecular structure of penicillin | |
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| c. 1945 |
| | | Le Corbusier's use of béton brut (raw concrete) introduces Brutalism | |
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| 1945 |
| | | A new constitution strengthens Tito's hold on Yugoslavia, and is soon followed by repressive measures | |
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| 1945 February 4 |
| | | Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill meet at Yalta to discuss Allied post-war plans | |
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| 1945 February 13 |
| | | Stalin agrees at Yalta to declare war on Japan after the end of the European war | |
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| 1945 February 11 |
| | | Stalin, at Yalta, promises free elections in post-war eastern Europe | |
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| 1945 February 13 |
| | | British bombers launch a devastating raid against Dresden, killing tens of thousands in a firestorm | |
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| 1945 February 13 |
| | | The Germans surrender Budapest to the Soviets after a costly siege | |
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| 1945 February 19 |
| | | American marines land on Japanese-occupied Iwo Jima, a volcanic island 650 miles southeast of Tokyo | |
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| 1945 March 3 |
| | | After a four-month siege of the city Douglas MacArthur returns to Manila, from which he was ejected in 1942 by the Japanese | |
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| 1945 March 6 |
| | | The Soviets instal a puppet government in Romania while the fight continues against Germany | |
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| 1945 March 7 |
| | | Tito becomes head of a provisional government in newly liberated Yugoslavia | |
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| 1945 March 9 |
| | | Napalm, used to bomb a crowded part of Tokyo, creates a firestorm in which 80,000 die | |
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| 1945 March 20 |
| | | William Slim drives the Japanese from Mandalay and moves on south to take Rangoon | |
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| 1945 March 22 |
| | | Patton's Third US Army is the first Allied force to cross the Rhine, at Oppenheim, south of Mainz | |
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| 1945 March 23 |
| | | Montgomery's Twenty-First Army Group crosses the Rhine at several points in the north | |
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| 1945 March 24 |
| | | At a cost of 20,000 dead, US marines win full control of the small strategic island of Iwo Jima | |
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| 1945 March 27 |
| | | Aung San's army, now named the Burma National Army, changes sides in a surprise move and attacks the Japanese | |
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| 1945 April |
| | | Adolf Hitler orders a scorched earth policy within Germany, in the path of the advancing Allies | |
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| 1945 April 5 |
| | | US troops land on the island of Okinawa, only 300 miles from the main islands of Japan | |
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| 1945 April 5 |
| | | Dietrich Bonhoeffer is executed in a Nazi concentration camp just a month before the end of the war in Europe | |
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| 1945 April 6 |
| | | Thousands of Japanese kamikaze pilots die in massed suicide attacks in defence of the island of Okinawa | |
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| 1945 April 11 |
| | | American troops discover the German concentration camp at Buchenwald | |
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| 1945 April 12 |
| | | President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies and is succeeded by his vice-president, Harry S. Truman | |
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| 1945 April 12 |
| | | A US destroyer is sunk by a baka, a rocket-propelled version of a kamikaze attack | |
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| 1945 April 13 |
| | | Russian forces reach and capture the Austrian capital, Vienna | |
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| 1945 April 15 |
| | | The British reach Belsen and reveal appalling Nazi atrocities, worse even than at Buchenwald | |
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| 1945 April 25 |
| | | American and Soviet troops join up at Torgau, 70 miles south of Berlin | |
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| 1945 April 25 |
| | | Soviet armies form a complete circle around Berlin to isolate the city | |
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| 1945 April 28 |
| | | Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, are shot by partisans and their bodies are hung from a gibbet in Milan | |
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| 1945 April 29 |
| | | Against Hitler's specific orders, the commander of the German army in Italy surrenders to the Allies | |
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| 1945 April 29 |
| | | Adolf Hitler marries Eva Braun in his bunker, and holds a champagne reception with Goebbels as the principal guest | |
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| 1945 April 30 |
| | | Hitler chooses Admiral Dönitz as his successor and appoints his cabinet | |
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| 1945 April 30 |
| | | Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun retire to their marital quarters in the Berlin bunker and commit suicide | |
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| 1945 April 30 |
| | | Soviet troops storm the Reichstag in the centre of Berlin on the day when Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his bunker below them | |
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