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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1943 |
| | The musical Oklahoma! launches the partnership of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II | |
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| 1943 |
| | English contralto Kathleen Ferrier makes her London début in Handel's Messiah in Westminster Abbey | |
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| 1943 |
| | Power is seized in Argentina by a new military junta, the Group of United Officers | |
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| 1943 |
| | 11-year-old Elizabeth Taylor co-stars with a collie in Lassie Come Home | |
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| 1943 |
| | Basil Brooke begins an unbroken 20-year period in office as Unionist prime minister of northern Ireland | |
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| 1943 |
| | William Tubman begins a 28-year spell as president of Liberia | |
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| 1943 |
| | Zoot Suit riots, starting in Los Angeles, target young Mexican Americans | |
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| 1943 |
| | British conductor John Barbirolli is appointed to direct the Hallé orchestra | |
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| 1943 |
| | Pablo Picasso transforms a bicycle's handlebars and saddle into Head of a Bull | |
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| c. 1943 |
| | The Ba'th party is founded by Michel Aflaq and others in Syria, with a pan-Arab political agenda | |
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| 1943 |
| | Future Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin becomes leader of the underground terrorist group Irgun | |
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| 1943 |
| | The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is repealed in the US, but there are to be only 105 Chinese immigrants each year | |
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| 1943 |
| | Jean-Paul Sartre begins a new career as a dramatist with his first play, The Flies ('Les Mouches') | |
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| 1943 January |
| | Hitler appoints Karl Dönitz as commander of the German navy | |
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| 1943 January I2 |
| | Roosevelt and Churchill meet in Casablanca for a strategic conference | |
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| 1943 January 24 |
| | The Casablanca Conference includes the decision to insist on unconditional surrender by the Axis powers | |
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| 1943 January 31 |
| | With much of the German Sixth Army destroyed, the survivors led by Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrender at Stalingrad | |
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| 1943 February 9 |
| | Orde Wingate and his Chindits launch a guerrilla campaign behind the Japanese lines in Burma | |
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| 1943 February 9 |
| | After a six-month battle, US troops win the Pacific base of Guadalcanal from the Japanese | |
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| 1943 March 20 |
| | Mao Zedong becomes official leader of the Chinese Communist Party, as the elected Chairman of the Central Committee and the Politburo | |
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| 1943 April |
| | Martin Bormann, previously head of the party secretariat, becomes Hitler's personal secretary | |
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| 1943 April 19 |
| | New Allied successes against the German U-boats provide a turning point in the battle of the Atlantic | |
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| 1943 April 19 |
| | Jews in Warsaw resist a fierce German onslaught for a month before their ghetto is finally destroyed | |
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| 1943 April-May |
| | The Allied destruction of U-boats climbs to its highest level in the Battle of the Atlantic, with 56 sunk in two months | |
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| 1943 May |
| | The victory of the Allies in north Africa brings to an end the three-year siege of Malta | |
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| 1943 May 7 |
| | May 7 - the Allies capture Tunis, taking 250,000 German and Italian prisoners and winning control of North Africa | |
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| 1943 May 16 |
| | Two hydroelectric schemes in the Ruhr valley are destroyed by the RAF's Dam Busters and their bouncing bombs in Operation Chastise | |
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| 1943 July 10 |
| | British and American troops land in Sicily to begin the Italian campaign | |
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| 1943 July 13 |
| | Hitler's attempt to take Kursk (in response to Stalingrad) results in the German loss of 70,000 men and 1500 tanks | |
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| 1943 July |
| | Belsen, used as a prisoner-of-war camp since 1940, is turned into a concentration camp | |
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| 1943 July 25 |
| | The king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, has Mussolini arrested and appoints in his place a field marshal, Pietro Badoglio | |
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| 1943 July 28 |
| | The Hamburg Fire Department coins the word Feuersturm ('firestorm') to describe the unprecedented effects of an RAF raid on the city | |
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| 1943 August 3 |
| | Italians signs a secret armistice with the Allies, as Allied troops land in Sicily | |
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| 1943 August 8 |
| | British general Harold Alexander is appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied forces in the Italian campaign | |
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| 1943 August 12 |
| | On Hitler's orders, the SS rescue Mussolini from house arrest in the mountains of central Italy | |
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| 1943 August 16 |
| | All German and Italian troops are by now driven out of Sicily or captured by the Allies | |
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| 1943 August 17 |
| | The RAF bomb the German V-2 rocket research station at Peenemünde | |
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| 1943 August 23 |
| | Allied bombers begin four months of night-time raids on Berlin | |
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| 1943 September |
| | A strong Allied force lands at Salerno, south of Naples | |
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| 1943 September 8 |
| | Italy, abandoning her Axis partners, surrenders unconditionally to the Allies | |
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| 1943 September 27 |
| | A premature uprising against the Germans in Naples results in a massacre of the inhabitants | |
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| 1943 October |
| | British admiral Louis Mountbatten is appointed to head the new Southeast Asia Command, with his headquarters in Delhi | |
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| 1943 October |
| | British general William Slim is appointed to command the Fourteenth Army, formed specifically for the campaign to recover Burma | |
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| 1943 October 1 |
| | The Allies move north from Salerno and capture Naples | |
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| 1943 October 13 |
| | Italy changes sides and declares war on her recent ally, Germany | |
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| 1943 October 24 |
| | Subhash Chandra Bose, as leader of the Indian National Army, declares war on Britain | |
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