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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 47 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar concludes a campaign in Asia Minor so speedily that he declares, succinctly, Veni, vidi, vici ('I came, I saw, I conquered') | |
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| 46 BC |
| | | Vercingetorix is a prize exhibit in Caesar's great triumph in Rome, but the Celtic chieftain is strangled once the procession is over | |
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| 46 BC |
| | | A town is founded by Julius Caesar on the ruined site of Carthage, and eventually flourishes as Colonia Julia Carthago | |
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| 45 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar's new calendar is introduced, at a time when its predecessor has become out of step with the seasons by three months | |
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| 44 BC |
| | | On March 15, the Ides of March, Julius Caesar is stabbed to death during a meeting of the senate | |
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| 44 BC |
| | | Octavian, an 18-year-old student in Apollonia, hears that he has been named by his uncle, Julius Caesar, as his successor and heir | |
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| 43 BC |
| | | Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus meet in Bologna and form an alliance known as the second triumvirate | |
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| 42 BC |
| | | Octavian and Mark Antony defeat the armies of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, after which Brutus and Cassius commit suicide | |
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| 41 BC |
| | | Keeping her appointment with Mark Antony in Tarsus, Cleopatra arrives in a golden barge, dressed as the goddess of love – and he proves susceptible | |
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| 37 BC |
| | | Virgil's reputation is established by his ten Eclogues, influenced by the Italian countryside in the region of his birth near Mantua | |
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| 37 BC |
| | | Antony and Cleopatra, accompanied by their three-year-old twins, marry in Antioch | |
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| 37 BC |
| | | Herod, appointed king of Judaea by the senate in Rome, establishes his rule over Palestine | |
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| c. 34 BC |
| | | Maecenas buys a farm for Horace, in the Sabine hills near Tivoli - the most fruitful of his many acts of patronage | |
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| 31 BC |
| | | Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (both are at sea with their fleets) in a battle off the Greek coast at Actium | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Cleopatra commits suicide, applying a poisonous asp to her breast, | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | With the annexation of Egypt, the entire Mediterranean falls under Roman control | |
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| 27 BC |
| | | Octavian is given the life-long title of Augustus by the senate in Rome, becoming in effect the first Roman emperor | |
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