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  World History timeline
     
57 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
Silla becomes the first of the three kingdoms of Korea, followed by Koguryo in 37 BC and Paekche in 18 BC        
55 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
Julius Caesar makes the first of his two invasions of Celtic Britain      
54 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Julius Caesar returns to Britain for a second visit, this time reaching north of the Thames into the kingdom of Cassivellaunus       
53 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Crasssus is killed at Carrhae, in Turkey, when the Parthians defeat his army, largely thanks to their brilliance as mounted archers       
53 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
The death of Crassus at Carrhae brings to an end the first triumvirate        
52 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
The Celtic leader Vercingetorix inflicts an unaccustomed defeat on Julius Caesar, at Gergovia, but is captured later in the year       
52 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
In his winter quarters Julius Caesar writes The Gallic War, an account of his own achievements in suppressing the Gauls        
51 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
In the Ptolemaic tradition, Cleopatra marries her brother Ptolemy XIII and at the age of eighteen is joint ruler of Egypt      
Bronze coin of Cleopatra, c.40 BC
British Museum

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51 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The Xiongnu split into two hordes, one of them submitting to China and the other moving west      
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
The Phoenicians discover that a blob of molten glass can be puffed out to form a hollow vessel       
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
A body preserved in the tannin of Lindow Moss, an English peat bog, is probably a sacrificial victim of the Druids       
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld   
Gladiators have metal studs on their boxing gloves, and a public bout is expected to go on until the loser dies     
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the earliest surviving Buddhist stupa      
Sanchi
Photograph Beryl Pethick
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
The Maya independently develop the concept of place value in numbers, previously pioneered in Babylon        
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
The Maya introduce a calendar which has a cycle of fifty-two years, known as the Calendar Round       
c. 50 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
A doctrinal split emerges within Jainism over whether a devotee must go naked (sky clad) or may be allowed a simple robe (white clad)      
49 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Julius Caesar crosses the river Rubicon (the southern boundary of Gaul) with his army – and in doing so launches a civil war       
48 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Julius Caesar defeats his rival Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece, and makes himself master of the Roman world       
48 BC
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Julius Caesar, now fifty-two, meets the 21-year-old Cleopatra in Alexandria and they become lovers       
47 BC
 
     
Cleopatra gives birth to a son and calls him Ptolemy XV Caesar (later known by the nickname Caesarion)