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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 324 BC |
| | | Alexander and his companion Hephaestion marry daughters of Darius III | |
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| 324 BC |
| | | When the army reaches Ecbatana, Hephaestion dies of a fever and the grief-stricken Alexander erects shrines in his memory | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | Alexander, still only 33, dies in Babylon following a banquet | |
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| from 323 BC |
| | | The spread of Greek rule by Alexander introduces the Hellenistic age, which will last for three centuries | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | Alexander's generals decide that the joint heirs to his throne shall be his half-brother (Philip III) and his posthumous son by Roxana (Alexander IV) | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | In the carve up of Alexander the Great's empire, Ptolemy wins Egypt and founds the Ptolemaic dynasty – with himself as the pharaoh Ptolemy I | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | Ptolemy manages to acquire Alexander the Great's corpse, to lend authority to his rule in Egypt | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | Seleucus wins control of a vast area, comprising the eastern part of Alexander's empire from the Mediterranean to India | |
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| 322 BC |
| | | Alexander's corpse, hijacked by Ptolemy, becomes a sacred relic in Alexandria | |
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| 321 BC |
| | | Chandragupta Maurya seizes the throne of Magadha, in India, and establishes the Mauryan dynasty | |
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| c. 320 BC |
| | | Ptolemy begins to transform Alexandria into a centre of Greek culture, founding his famous 'museum' and library | |
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| 317 BC |
| | | Philip III is killed on the orders of Olympias, the mother of Alexander | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | Seleucia is founded as a new capital on the Tigris, eclipsing Babylon and recycling much of the older city as building material | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | The first Roman road, the Via Appia, links Rome with Capua | |
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| c. 310 BC |
| | | Pytheas, a Greek explorer, sails up the west coast of Britain and finds beyond it a more northerly land which he calls Thule | |
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| c. 310 BC |
| | | Alexander IV and his mother Roxana are murdered by order of Cassander (by now the self-proclaimed king of Macedonia) | |
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| 301 BC |
| | | Some 20 years after the death of Alexander the Great one of his generals, Ptolemy, extends his rule from Egypt to include Jerusalem | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma emerge as India's trio of main gods, with the Vedic religion of the Aryans evolving into Hinduism | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Celts move across the Channel into Britain, soon becoming the dominant ethnic group in the island | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Greek author Theophrastus writes On the History of Plants, the earliest surviving work on botany | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The flexibility of the Roman legion transforms the Greek phalanx into an even more effective fighting machine | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Euclid, teaching at the museum in Alexandria, writes what becomes Europe's standard textbook on geometry | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Vesta, goddess of the hearth, is served in Rome by virgin priestesses who tend the sacred flame in her shrine | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Indian epic of romance and adventure, the Ramayana, is probably the work of a single author at about this time | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Epicurus postulates a universe of indestructible atoms in which man himself is responsible for achieving a balanced life | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Phoenicia is brought into the new Hellenistic empire, changing hands frequently between contending successors of Alexander | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | The Roman siege technique is improved by the 'tortoise' which protects the attacking force | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | Seleucus founds Antioch as a Greek city on the trade route between Mesopotamia and Europe | |
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| 292 BC |
| | | The Colossus, a giant statue of Helios the sun god, is erected beside the harbour of Rhodes | |
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| 281 BC |
| | | Pyrrhus lands in Italy, with 25,000 men and 20 elephants, to fight for the Greek colony of Tarentum against the Romans | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jewish community of Alexandria coins the word diaspora for Jews living far from Israel | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Alexandrian school of medicine develops an alarming form of clinical anatomy – human vivisection | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | A great lighthouse, subsequently one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is built on the island of Pharos, off Alexandria | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jews of Alexandria commission the Greek translation of the Old Testament which becomes known as the Septuagint | |
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| 272 BC |
| | | Asoka, a devotee of Buddhism, wins the Mauryan throne and establishes India's first empire | |
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