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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1904 |
| | John Christian Watson becomes Australia's first Labor prime minister, leading a minority government that survives for only four months | |
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| 1904 |
| | Joseph Conrad publishes his novel Nostromo, about a revolution in South America and a fatal horde of silver | |
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| 1904 |
| | France and Britain sign an Entente Cordiale, resolving several colonial disputes and laying the foundation for a new alliance | |
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| 1904 |
| | Wisley, in Surrey, is developed as the garden of Britain's Royal Horticultural Society | |
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| 1904 |
| | Helen Keller overcomes deafness and blindness to graduate cum laude at Radcliffe College in the USA | |
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| 1904 |
| | The German general Lothar von Trotha drives 8000 Herrero people to slow death in the Kalahari desert | |
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| 1904 |
| | Henry James publishes his last completed novel, The Golden Bowl | |
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| 1904 |
| | An observatory with a 100-inch reflecting telescope is set up by George Ellery Hale on Mount Wilson in California | |
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| 1904 |
| | Constantine Cavafy prints fourteen of his poems in a pamphlet for private distribution | |
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| 1904 |
| | The US consul in Mexico, Edward Herbert Thompson, begins a very profitable excavation at the Mayan site of Chichén Itzá | |
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| 1904 |
| | Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud publishes The Psychopathology of Everyday Life | |
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| 1904 |
| | Hughie Cannon writes the music and words for the song originally titled "He Done Me Wrong" in the US musical Frankie and Johnny | |
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| 1904 |
| | British troops under Francis Younghusband enter Tibet's holy city of Lhasa | |
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| 1904 |
| | The publisher Walter Blackie moves into Hill House at Helensburgh, designed for him by Charles Rennie Mackintosh | |
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| 1904 |
| | J.M Barrie's play for children Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up has its premiere in London | |
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| 1904 |
| | Alban Berg and Anton Webern study composition with Arnold Schoenberg in Vienna | |
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| 1904 |
| | Alexander Scriabin completes his Third Symphony, The Divine Poem, which is given its first performance in Paris in 1905 | |
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| 1904 |
| | US architect Louis Sullivan completes the Schlesinger & Meyer Store (later known as the Carson, Pirie & Scott Store) in Chicago | |
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| 1904 |
| | Theodore Roosevelt wins the US presidental election in his own right | |
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| 1904 |
| | US inventor King C. Gillette receives a patent for a disposable safety razor | |
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| 1904 |
| | Under the pseudonym Saki, H.H. Munro publishes Reginald, his first volume of short stories | |
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| 1904 |
| | Australian soprano Nellie Melba makes the first of a great many recordings | |
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| 1904 |
| | US president Theodore Roosevelt announces the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, in response to crises in Latin America | |
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| 1904 |
| | Dublin's Abbey Theatre opens as a new home for the Irish National Theatre Society | |
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| 1904 |
| | Gwen John makes her home in Paris, where she becomes Rodin's model and mistress | |
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| 1905 |
| | Transvaal politician Louis Botha forms Het Volk ('The People'), a party committed to Afrikaner self-government | |
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| 1905 |
| | The American sculptor Jacob Epstein moves from New York to settle in London | |
|  | Jacob and the Angel Epstein, 1941 Tate Britain
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| 1905 |
| | Troops fire on a demonstration in St Petersburg, in the event which becomes known as Bloody Sunday | |
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| 1905 |
| | Industrial Workers of the World (with its members later known as Wobblies) is founded in Chicago as a radical union initiative | |
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| c. 1905 |
| | The Bloomsbury Group gathers for informal evenings at the family home of Virginia and Vanessa Stephens (later Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell) | |
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| 1905 |
| | Strikes and riots sweep across Russia in the wake of St Petersburg's Bloody Sunday | |
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| 1905 |
| | Albert Einstein explains the photoelectric effect as a flow of discreet particles (quanta) of electromagnetic radiation | |
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| 1905 |
| | Henry Wood sets 'Rule Britannia' in his Fantasia on British Sea Songs, providing a traditional favourite for the last night of the Proms | |
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| 1905 |
| | More than 360,000 Norwegians vote to end the union with Sweden, with only 184 against | |
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| 1905 |
| | The Japanese defeat a larger force of Russians at Mukden in the final land battle of the Russo-Japanese War | |
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