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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 343 BC |
| | | Aristotle is employed in Macedon as tutor to the 13-year-old heir to the throne, Alexander | |
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| c. 343 BC |
| | | Hephaestion, Alexander's closest lifelong friend, may have been among the small group taught by Aristotle | |
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| c. 343 BC |
| | | Homer's Iliad becomes a profound source of inspiration to Alexander, who will keep scrolls of the text in his tent during his conquests | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The theatre at Epidaurus is the earliest and best surviving example of a classical Greek stage and auditorium | |
|  | Epidaurus, the theatre
Fotofile CG
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| 340 BC |
| | | Alexander the Great, at the age of sixteen, conducts his first successful military campaign – against the Thracians | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The Macedonians develop the catapult as a siege engine for the armies of Philip II and Alexander the Great | |
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| 338 BC |
| | | Philip of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Chaeronaea, giving him control of Greece | |
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| 337 BC |
| | | Philip of Macedon persuades most of the Greek city-states, brought together in Corinth, to agree to a military alliance with himself as leader | |
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| 337 BC |
| | | The League of Corinth resolves to launch a war against Persia, with Philip II in command of the confederate forces | |
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| 336 BC |
| | | An advance guard of 10,000 troops sets off towards Persia in the spring, with Philip due to follow later with the main army | |
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| 336 BC |
| | | At a summer feast to celebrate the wedding of his daughter, Philip of Macedon is murdered by one of his courtiers | |
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| 336 BC |
| | | The League of Corinth elects Alexander to take his father's place as leader of the campaign against Persia | |
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| 335 BC |
| | | Before departing for the east, Alexander destroys Thebes and enslaves the Thebans for rebelling against the League of Corinth | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | The 21-year-old Alexander the Great marches east with some 5000 cavalry and 30,000 footsoldiers | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | Indulging in a moment of romantic tourism, Alexander visits Troy at the start of his Persian campaign | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | At the river Granicus, not far from Troy, Alexander defeats a Persian army employing many Greek mercenaries | |
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| 333 BC |
| | | At Issus, close to the Turkish border with Syria, Alexander defeats the Persian emperor Darius III, captures his family and treats them with courtesy | |
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| 333 BC |
| | | At Gordium, in central Turkey, Alexander is credited with cutting the mythical Gordian Knot (identifying him as the ruler of Asia) | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | Alexander moves south through Syria and Palestine, excluding the Persian fleet from their familiar harbours | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | Tyre, the only coastal city to offer serious resistance to Alexander, is taken and destroyed after a siege of seven months | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | Alexander the Great's army arrives in Egypt and the Persian governor of the province rapidly surrenders | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | In Memphis Alexander sacrifices to Apis, a sacred bull, and is crowned pharaoh by the priests | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | While in Egypt, Alexander founds Alexandria – the best known of the many towns he establishes to spread Greek culture | |
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| 331 BC |
| | | Alexander travels far into the desert, to a famous oracle of the sun god Amon (or Amon-Re) at Siwah, where the priest recognizes him as the son of the god | |
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| 331 BC |
| | | Moving northeast into Mesopotamia, Alexander again defeats Darius III (at Gaugamela), leaving Persia open to his advances | |
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| c. 330 BC |
| | | Aristotle tackles wide-ranging subjects on a systematic basis, leaving to his successors an encyclopedia of contemporary thought | |
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| 330 BC |
| | | As a conclusive end to the long rivalry between Greece and Persia, Alexander destroys the great palace of Xerxes at Persepolis | |
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| 330 BC |
| | | Alexander adopts the ceremonial dress and court rituals of of his new Persian empire | |
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| 330 BC |
| | | Alexander begins two years moving with his army through his vast new territories, establishing Greek settlements | |
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| 327 BC |
| | | Alexander marries Roxana after subduing the territories of her father, a Bactrian chief in the modern region of Aghanistan | |
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| 327 BC |
| | | Alexander takes a major new step, leaving Persian territory and moving through the mountain passes into India | |
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| 325 BC |
| | | In the Indian monsoon Alexander's Greek troops have finally had enough and threaten to mutiny unless he turns for home | |
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| 324 BC |
| | | Back in Persia, to emphasize that Greece and Persia are now one, Alexander marries eighty of his senior officers to Persian wives | |
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