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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1883 |
| | | French marines land at Tamatave in Madagascar to protect French interests and assert French control | |
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| 1883 |
| | | In Thus Spake Zarathustra Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche envisages the Übermensch ('superman') enhancing human existence | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Mark Twain's autobiographical book Life on the Mississippi details his own personal involvement with the great river | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Mohammed Ahmed, proclaiming himself the Mahdi, defeats three Egyptian armies in the Sudan | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Eruption of the volcano on the Indonesian island of Krakatoa sends six cubic miles of debris into the atmosphere and causes a huge tsunami | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Robert Louis Stevenson's adventure story, Treasure Island, features Long John Silver and Ben Gunn | |
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| 1883 |
| | | William Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill, celebrates the world of the cowboy in his immensely successful Wild West Show | |
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| 1883 |
| | | French artist Claude Monet moves to Giverny, where he creates and paints a famous lily pond | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Antoni Gaudí begins a life-long commitment to the building of a modern cathedral in Barcelona, El Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Familia | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Cetshwayo dies, after being expelled from his kingdom in an uprising led by Zibhebhu and supported by Boer mercenaries | |
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| 1884 |
| | | The British empire is first described as a 'Commonwealth of Nations', by Lord Rosebery speaking in Australia | |
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| 1884 |
| | | General Gordon marches south to protect Khartoum from the advancing forces of the Mahdi | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Bismarck launches the colonial scramble for Africa by suddenly annexing three territories for Germany (Togo, Cameroon and Angria Pequena) | |
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| 1884 |
| | | The Boer republic in the Transvaal regains its independence from Britain | |
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| 1884 |
| | | English socialists, including Bernard Shaw and Sidney Webb, found the Fabian Society as part of a long-term political strategy | |
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| 1884 |
| | | A new Reform Act in Britain further reduces the financial threshold for voters in Britain, in effect extending the franchise to male workers in rural areas | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Greenwich becomes accepted internationally as the prime meridian, or 0° longitude | |
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| 1884 |
| | | The newly founded Fabian Society publishes Manifesto by George Bernard Shaw | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Gustav Nachtigal arrives in Togo and persuades local chiefs to accept the protection of the German emperor | |
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| 1884 |
| | | The Gaelic Athletic Association is founded in Ireland to promote indigenous games such as hurling | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Gustav Nachtigal, moving on to Cameroon, annexes this region too for the new German empire | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Dinizulu, son of Cetshwayo, employs Boer mercenaries led by Louis Botha to drive his father's enemy, Zibhebhu, from the Zulu kingdom | |
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| 1884 |
| | | The War of the Pacific brings Chile new mineral wealth at the expense of Bolivia and Peru | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Verlaine publishes Les Poètes maudits, short studies of various 'cursed poets' – including Rimbaud | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Karl Peters hurries round east Africa persuading chiefs to accept the German emperor as their protector | |
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| 1884 |
| | | US entrepreneur James 'Buck' Duke wins exclusive rights in a machine that can manufacture 100,000 cigarettes a day | |
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| 1884 |
| | | German mathematician Gottlob Frege publishes Grundlagen der Arithmetik ('Foundations of Arithmetic'), linking mathematics and logic | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Huck Finn and his friend Tom Sawyer continue their exploits on the Mississippi in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Costa Rica grants a 99-year lease on 800,000 acres to Minor C. Keith, the American founder of the United Fruit Company | |
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| 1884 |
| | | British general Garnet Wolseley sails from London on a mission to rescue Gordon, trapped by the Mahdi in Khartoum | |
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| 1884 |
| | | US-born British inventor Hiram Maxim demonstrates the first prototype of his machine gun, using the recoil force to eject the spent cartridge and insert a new one | |
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