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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1875 |
| | | Charles Stewart Parnell takes his seat in the House of Commons at Westminster and immediately adds zest to the campaign for Home Rule | |
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| 1875 |
| | | William Crookes invents the radiometer, in which light causes four vanes to rotate in a bulb containing gas at low pressure | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Leo Tolstoy publishes the first volume of his novel Anna Karenina, in which the heroine develops a fatal love for Count Vronsky | |
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| 1875 |
| | | After spending much time in Europe in recent years, Henry James moves there permanently and settles first in Paris | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Madame Blavatsky founds in New York the Theosophical Society, preaching universal brotherhood with a strong dash of mysticism | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Congress passes a Civil Rights Act outlawing segration in the USA on public transport and in hotels and restaurants | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Nikolai Przewalski discovers in western Mongolia a surviving example of the wild breed from which the horse was domesticated | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Benjamin Disraeli buys for Britain a controlling share in the Suez Canal, with money borrowed from Lionel Nathan de Rothschild | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Andrew Carnegie's new steel mill near Pittsburgh prospers through automation, new technology and non-union labour | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Mary Baker Eddy expounds her beliefs in Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, later considered the textbook of Christian Science | |
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| 1875 |
| | | US artist Thomas Eakins' depiction of the gruesome aspect of surgery, in his portrait of Dr Gross, offends many viewers | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Slavery is finally made illegal in the Portuguese empire | |
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| 1875 |
| | | An agreement is signed between France and Britain to cooperate in the construction of a tunnel beneath the Channel | |
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| 1875 |
| | | An outbreak of measles in Fiji, brought to the islands by British visitors, kills a quarter of the population | |
|  | Medicine man, Australia
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1875 |
| | | Henry James's early novel Roderick Hudson is serialized in the Atlantic Monthly and is published in book form in 1876 | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Alexander Graham Bell makes the first practical use of his telephone, summoning his assistant from another room with the words 'Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you.' | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Turkish irregular soldiers, the ferocious bashibazouks, massacre some 15,000 Bulgarian civilians | |
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| 1876 |
| | | George Custer leads a US cavalry attack on the Sioux at the Little Bighorn river, with disastrous results | |
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| 1876 |
| | | The chaotic government finances of Egypt are placed under joint French and British control | |
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| 1876 |
| | | William Gladstone's pamphlet Bulgarian Horrors, protesting at massacre by the Turks, sells 200,000 copies within a month | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Stanley passes Nyangwe on the Lualaba, the furthest point down the Congo river system reached by Livingstone | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Henry James moves to London, which remains his home for the next 22 years | |
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| 1876 |
| | | India becomes the 'jewel in the crown' of Queen Victoria when Benjamin Disraeli secures for her the title Empress of India | |
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| 1876 |
| | | In 21 years Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass has grown from 12 poems to the two volumes of the sixth edition, published in the USA's centenary year | |
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| 1876 |
| | | The US inventor Thomas Edison opens an experimental laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, calling it his 'invention factory' | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Scottish missionaries establish Blantyre (named after Livingstone's birthplace) as a centre from which to fight slavery | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Alexander Graham Bell demonstrates his new invention, the telephone, at the US Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Susan B. Anthony presents a Woman's Declaration of Rights at the US centennial Fourth of July celebrations | |
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| c. 1876 |
| | | English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins develops a new verse form that he calls 'sprung rhythm' | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, in which Tom and his friends find excitement in a small town on the Mississippi | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Russian composer Pyotr Tchaikovsky begins an intense correspondence with a wealthy patron, Nadezhda von Meck | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Richard Wagner's sequence of four operas, The Ring of the Nibelungen, has its first complete performance at Bayreuth | |
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| 1876 |
| | | English cricketer W.G. Grace scores a record 344 runs, playing for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Kent at Canterbury | |
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| 1876 |
| | | After a failed bank hold-up in Northfield, Minnesota, the whole of the James gang is killed except Jesse and his brother Frank | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Lewis Carroll publishes The Hunting of the Snark, a poem about a voyage in search of an elusive mythical creature | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Leopold II hosts a conference in Brussels on the subject of opening up the African continent | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Johannes Brahms' first symphony has its premiere in Karlsruhe | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes defeats Democrat Samuel J. Tilden in a US presidential election of which the result is strongly disputed | |
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| 1877 |
| | | The first Test match is played in Melbourne between English and Australian cricket teams, with victory going to Australia | |
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| 1877 |
| | | The Compromise of 1877 settles the disputed US presidential election but ends active Republican commitment to the cause of Reconstruction in the southern states | |
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| 1877 |
| | | Britain annexes the Boer republic in the Transvaal | |
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| 1877 |
| | | Puck is launched in the USA as a an illustrated weekly magazine of political satire | |
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| 1877 |
| | | The ballet Swan Lake, with choreography by Julius Wenzel Reisinger to music by Tchaikovsky, has its premiere at the Bolshoi in Moscow | |
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| c. 1877 |
| | | Cattle-rustler William H. Bonney becomes known as Billy the Kid in his brief and murderous career of crime in New Mexico | |
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| 1877 |
| | | The Nez Percé Indians are led by Chief Joseph in a war against the US army | |
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| 1877 |
| | | The first lawn-tennis championships are organized by the All-England Croquet Club at Wimbledon | |
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| 1877 |
| | | Stanley completes his exploration of the Congo, reaching the Atlantic coast at Boma after a three-year journey | |
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| 1877 |
| | | A strike against wage cuts by Baltimore railway workers spreads until it becomes almost a national strike | |
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| 1877 |
| | | The human voice is recorded for the first time when Thomas Edison recites 'Mary had a little lamb' into his newly patented phonograph | |
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| 1878 |
| | | On a wave of jingoism Benjamin Disraeli sends six British ironclads, in support of Turkey, to confront the Russians near Istanbul | |
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| 1878 |
| | | A congress in Berlin agrees that Austria may administer the Turkish province of Bosnia-Herzegovina | |
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| 1878 |
| | | William Crookes develops a special tube, now known as the Crookes tube, for the study of cathode rays | |
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| 1878 |
| | | A disagreement between families on the West Virginia and Kentucky border flares up and eventually claims a dozen lives | |
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| 1878 |
| | | Romania achieves a new status as an internationally recognized independent nation | |
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| 1878 |
| | | English-born US photographer Eadweard Muybridge publishes closely linked photographs revealing how a horse goes through its paces | |
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| 1878 |
| | | Stanley agrees to work for Leopold II in opening up the Congo river to commerce | |
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| 1878 |
| | | Czech composer Anton Dvorák writes his first set of Slavonic Dances, originally as piano duets | |
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| 1878 |
| | | The Ten Years' War ends in Cuba, with Spain promising extensive reforms including the abolition of slavery | |
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| 1878 |
| | | A war of liberation against Turkey wins full independence for Serbia | |
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| 1878 |
| | | Three British armies invade Afghanistan, beginning the second Anglo-Afghan War | |
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| 1878 |
| | | English physicist Joseph Swan demonstrates a practical electric light bulb, using an incandescent carbon filament in a vacuum | |
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| 1878 |
| | | 21-year-old Joseph Conrad, a Polish subject, goes to sea with the British merchant navy | |
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| 1879 |
| | | The British find a pretext to march into the territory ruled by Cetshwayo, thus launching the Zulu War | |
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