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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1867 |
| | | A revival of the Prussian Zollverein, or customs union, includes all the German states except Austria | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The Queensberry rules, named after the Marquess of Queensberry, introduce padded gloves in boxing, and rounds of three minutes | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Modest Mussorgsky composes his orchestral work St John's Night on the Bare Mountain, based on a story by Gogol | |
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| 1867 |
| | | William Cody earns his nickname Buffalo Bill by killing thousands of the animals to feed construction workers on the Union Pacific Railroad | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patents dynamite, making the volatile explosive nitroglycerine safer by combining it with kieselguhr | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The first collection of 'Negro Spirituals' is published in book form in the US as Slave Songs of the United States | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Benjamin Disraeli becomes British prime minister for the first time, at the head of a Conservative government, but only for a few months | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Britain annexes Basutoland (now Lesotho), the kingdom of the Sotho leader Moshoeshoe | |
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| 1868 |
| | | US president Andrew Johnson escapes impeachment (for dismissing his secretary of war) by a single voite | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Executions take place in public for the last time in London, being moved from outside Newgate Gaol to inside the prison | |
|  | Gallows plan, 1881
National Archives, Kew
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| 1868 |
| | | An uprising against Spanish rule in Cuba sparks off a Ten Years' War | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Richard Wagner's opera The Mastersingers of Nuremberg has its premiere in Munich | |
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| 1868 |
| | | US author Louisa May Alcott begins serial publication of her book for children, Little Women (in book form 1869) | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Dostoevsky publishes The Idiot, a novel about the simple-minded and truthful Prince Myshkin | |
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| 1868 |
| | | An armed uprising against Spanish rule takes place in the town of Lares in Puerto Rico, becoming known as the Grito de Lares ('Cry of Lares') | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Liberal leader William Ewart Gladstone becomes British prime minister, for the first of four times, and remains in office for six years | |
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| 1868 |
| | | George Custer leads federal troops in the massacre of more than 100 American Indians, on an official reservation beside the Washita river | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant wins the US presidential election, as the Republican candidate against Democrat Horatio Seymour | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Johannes Brahms' German Requiem, setting passages from Luther's translation of the Bible, has its first complete performance in Leipzig | |
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| 1869 |
| | | The Fifteenth Amendment to the US Constitution (ratified in 1870) makes it illegal to deny the right to vote on racial grounds | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Dmitry Mendeleyev reads to the Russian Chemical Society in St Petersburg his formulation of the periodic table | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Cincinnati, Ohio, fielding the first baseball team in which every member is a hired professional, wins every match of the year | |
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| 1869 |
| | | English author Matthew Arnold publishes Culture and Anarchy, an influential collection of essays about contemporary society | |
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| 1869 |
| | | British prime minister William Gladstone introduces a bill to disestablish the Anglican church in Ireland | |
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| 1869 |
| | | The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads meet at Promontory Summit in Utah, completing the first transcontinental line | |
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| 1869 |
| | | The territory of the Hudson's Bay Company is transferred to the new state of Canada | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Britain, France and Italy take joint control of the finances of a bankrupt Tunisia | |
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| 1869 |
| | | The proprietor of the New York Herald gives Henry Morton Stanley a very concise commission – 'Find Livingstone' | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Das Rheingold, with its premiere in Munich, is the first part of Richard Wagner's Ring cycle to be staged | |
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| 1869 |
| | | British explorer Samuel Baker annexes the southern Sudan, or Equatoria, on behalf of the khedive of Egypt | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Thousands of distinguished guests assemble at Port Said for the opening of the Suez Canal | |
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