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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1865 |
| | | The first branch of the Ku Klux Klan is founded at Pulaski, in Tennessee, on Christmas Eve | |
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| 1866 |
| | | A pressure group for penal reform in Britain is named after the great prison reformer John Howard | |
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| 1866 |
| | | A Civil Rights Act is passed by the US Congress, guaranteeing the legal rights of African-Americans | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The Fourteenth Amendment to the US constitution (not ratified till 1868) assures equal rights as citizens to all born or naturalized in the USA | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Prussia invades its neighbouring German states and launches the Seven Weeks' War | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The Prussians achieve the first blitzkrieg in their Seven Weeks' War defeat of the Austrians | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Walt Whitman laments the assassinated President Lincoln in his poem 'O Captain! My Captain!', published in Sequel to Drum-Taps | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Russell's government falls, and Lord Derby returns for the third time, but again briefly, as Britain's prime minister | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The terms of the treaty of Prague, ending the Seven Weeks War, make plain the transfer of German leadership from Austria to Prussia | |
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| 1866 |
| | | US painter Winslow Homer makes his name with the exhibition of a Civil War subject, Prisoners from the Front | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Austrian rule ends in the Venetian territories, which now join the new kingdom of Italy | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Recovery from serious injury convinces Mary Baker Eddy that sickness and health are spiritually based, and provides her with the impulse to found Christian Science | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Algernon Swinburne scandalizes Victorian Britain with his first collection, Poems and Ballads | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The Argentine Rural Society is founded as the exclusive preserve of Argentina's oligarchy | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Dostoevsky publishes Crime and Punishment, a novel narrated by Raskolnikov, a St Petersburg student and murderer | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Napoleon III withdraws French troops from Mexico, leaving the emperor Maximilian in a dangerous situation | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Britain's new Reform Act extends the franchise to working men in British towns | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Secretary of state William Seward negotiates a price of $7.2 million for the purchase of Alaska from Russia, in a deal that some consider 'Seward's Folly' | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The British North America Act, acknowledging the fears of French Catholics in Canada, guarantees the rights of "dissentient schools" | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The US Congress passes Reconstruction Acts, dividing the defeated South into military districts and insisting on elections by universal male suffrage | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria, is also crowned king of Hungary – to become ruler of the 'dual monarchy' of Austria-Hungary | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Maximilian, the emperor of Mexico, and two of his generals are shot after being surrounded and captured at Querétaro | |
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| 1867 |
| | | French author Paul Verlaine wins a reputation with his first published collection, Poémes saturniens ('Saturnine Poems') | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The first volume of Das Kapital is completed by Marx in London and is published in Hamburg | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The world's first croquet tournament takes place in Evesham and is won by Walter Jones-Whitmore | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The invention of barbed wire is patented in the USA by Lucien Smith, designed to fence in cattle but also a protection for the wheat fields of the midwest plains | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Four former colonies (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec) unite to form the new nation of Canada with Ottawa as the capital | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The Canadian nation is called the Dominion of Canada – the first example of 'dominion status' | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Grange as a social organization to benefit US farmers | |
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