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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 472 BC |
| | | The Olympic games are extended to five days, the first and last of which are taken up with religious ceremonies | |
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| c. 470 BC |
| | | Vardhamana, an Indian prince, leaves home to live as a beggar - at the start of the Jain religion | |
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| 468 BC |
| | | Sophocles wins the prize for tragedy in Athens, defeating Aeschylus in the competition | |
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| c. 466 BC |
| | | The Athenian general Cimon wins a spectacular victory over the Persians at the mouth of the Eurymedon River, in southwest Turkey | |
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| 464 BC |
| | | An earthquake in Sparta leads to an uprising by the helots, who take up a defensive position on Mount Ithome | |
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| 462 BC |
| | | With the army away, Pericles introduces full democracy for all Athenian citizens, enabling them to vote and participate in the administration of the state | |
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| 461 BC |
| | | Pericles is given the task of constructing Athens' two famous Long Walls, stretching from the city to either side of the harbour at Piraeus | |
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| c. 460 BC |
| | | Herodotus, the 'father of history', writes his account of the Greco-Persian Wars from a vantage point in Asia Minor | |
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| 460 BC |
| | | Simmering hostilities between the allies of Sparta and Athens develop into endemic conflict among the Greek city states of the Peloponnese | |
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| 460 BC |
| | | Forces of the Delian League assist the Egyptians in a successful revolt against their Persian rulers | |
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| 454 BC |
| | | Euripides enters the drama contest at the City Dionysia in Athens for the first time | |
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| 454 BC |
| | | The Greeks suffer a major reverse when their fleet is trapped on the Nile and destroyed by the Persians | |
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| 454 BC |
| | | The Athenians transfer into their own keeping the accumulated treasure of the Delian League | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | Empedocles states that all matter is made up of four elemental substances - earth, fire, air and water | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The earliest known example of Arabic writing is on an inscribed column at Tema, in northwest Arabia | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The followers of Pythagoras maintain that the earth revolves on its own axis and moves in an orbit | |
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| 450 BC |
| | | The Athenians mount successful attacks on the Persian forces occupying the Greek island of Cyprus | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The Sophists, professional philosophers, travel round Greece educating the sons of the rich | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The Greek historian Herodotus visits Egypt and provides, among many other details, an account of the process of mummification | |
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| 448 BC |
| | | In the Peace of Kallias the Persians acknowledge the independence of Greek Ionia, and agree not to bring their fleet into the Aegean | |
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| 447 BC |
| | | The Athenians begin building the Parthenon, a temple to Athena, which they complete within ten years | |
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| 447 BC |
| | | Ictinos, the architect of the Parthenon, blends Doric and Ionic elements in a way which will later influence many other Greek temples | |
|  | Athens Parthenon
Fotofile CG
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| c. 446 BC |
| | | Phidias sculpts a huge statue of the goddess Athena, to be the central feature of the new Parthenon | |
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| 446 BC |
| | | Pericles negotiates a treaty, scheduled to hold for thirty years, establishing spheres of influence for Sparta (the mainland) and Athens (the Aegean coast and islands) | |
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| c. 440 BC |
| | | Myron sculpts the Discus Thrower, an outstanding example of the Greek ability to suggest movement | |
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