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  World History timeline
     
1855
 
     
Lord Palmerston heads the coalition government in Britain after Lord Aberdeen loses a vote of confidence on his conduct of the Crimean War        
1855
 
     
Holman Hunt's The Scapegoat combines realism and symbolism in an extreme example of Pre-Raphaelite characteristics        
Holman Hunt, The Scapegoat (detail)
Lady Lever Art Gallery
1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The Panama Railroad company completes a line between the Atlantic and the Pacific, providing America's first transcontinental link      
1855
 
    
The first edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass is published anonymously, at his own expense, and contains just 12 poems       
1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
David Livingstone, moving down the Zambezi, comes upon the Victoria Falls       
1855
 
     
John Everett Millais marries Effie Gray, previously the wife of John Ruskin        
John Everett Millais, by Leslie, 1852
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
English artist William Simpson sends sketches from the Crimea which achieve rapid circulation in Britain as tinted lithographs       
Embarking the sick at Balaklava, lithograph 1855
Mary Evans Picture Library

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1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Liberal leaders Juan Alvarez and Ignacio Comonfort launch a political programme in Mexico that becomes know simply as 'the Reform'       
c. 1855
 
    
The Christian Socialism of F.D. Maurice and others is mocked by its opponents as 'muscular Christianity'       
1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
An Ethiopian baron usurps the throne and proclaims himself emperor, as Theodore II      
1855
 
    
Longfellow publishes his American Indian epic, The Song of Hiawatha, in an irresistibly catchy metre       
1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
The Christmas issue of the Illustrated London News includes chromolithographs, introducing the era of colour journalism       
1855
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
After a siege of nearly a year the Russians abandon Sebastopol, but the Turkish alliance is too exhausted to pursue the conflict       
1855
 
     
Tennyson publishes a long narrative poem, Maud, a section of which ('Come into the garden, Maud') becomes famous as a song        
1855
 
     
English author Anthony Trollope publishes The Warden, the first in his series of six Barsetshire novels        
Anthony Trollope, by Julia Margaret Cameron, 1864
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1856
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War, limiting Russia's special powers in relation to Turkey      
1856
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The first Neanderthal man to be discovered is unearthed by quarry workers in the Neander valley, near Düsseldorf      
1856
 
    
Abolitionist John Brown presides over the lynching of five pro-slavery men at Pottawatomie in Kansas       
1856
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
An American adventurer, William Walker, wins control of the government in Nicaragua and for a year rules as president      
1856
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Victoria and Albert complete their fairy-tale castle at Balmoral, adding greatly to the nation's romantic view of Scotland       
Balmoral Castle
Fotofile CG
1856
 
    
Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary, a novel of frustrated romanticism in a provincial French context       
1856
 
     
English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally creates the first synthetic die, aniline purple (now known as mauve)        
1856
 
   
An incident aboard the Arrow, flying a British flag, gives the British the pretext to launch the Second Opium War      
1856
 
    
Democrat candidate James Buchanan wins the US presidential election, defeating Republican John C Fr&eqacute;mont       
1857
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
David Livingstone urges upon a Cambridge audience the high ideal of taking 'commerce and Christianity' into Africa      
1857
 
     
The Haughwout Store, a five-storey building in New York, instals the first Otis safety elevator        
1857
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Russian exile Alexander Herzen, publishes in London a radical newspaper called Kolokol (The Bell)       
1857
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke set off from Bagamoyo in their search for the source of the Nile        
Richard Burton, by Leighton, c.1875
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1857
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
An ultra-reactionary Supreme Court judgement in the Dred Scott case heightens US tensions over slavery      
1857
 
    
French chemist Louis Pasteur proves the existence of micro-organisms by showing that a liquid will only ferment if exposed to contamination from the air       
1857
 
    
Animal fat on a new issue of cartridges sparks off the Indian Mutiny, also know as the First War of Indian Independence