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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1855 |
| | Lord Palmerston heads the coalition government in Britain after Lord Aberdeen loses a vote of confidence on his conduct of the Crimean War | |
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| 1855 |
| | Holman Hunt's The Scapegoat combines realism and symbolism in an extreme example of Pre-Raphaelite characteristics | |
|  | Holman Hunt, The Scapegoat (detail) Lady Lever Art Gallery
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| 1855 |
| | The Panama Railroad company completes a line between the Atlantic and the Pacific, providing America's first transcontinental link | |
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| 1855 |
| | The first edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass is published anonymously, at his own expense, and contains just 12 poems | |
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| 1855 |
| | David Livingstone, moving down the Zambezi, comes upon the Victoria Falls | |
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| 1855 |
| | John Everett Millais marries Effie Gray, previously the wife of John Ruskin | |
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| 1855 |
| | English artist William Simpson sends sketches from the Crimea which achieve rapid circulation in Britain as tinted lithographs | |
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| 1855 |
| | Liberal leaders Juan Alvarez and Ignacio Comonfort launch a political programme in Mexico that becomes know simply as 'the Reform' | |
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| c. 1855 |
| | The Christian Socialism of F.D. Maurice and others is mocked by its opponents as 'muscular Christianity' | |
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| 1855 |
| | An Ethiopian baron usurps the throne and proclaims himself emperor, as Theodore II | |
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| 1855 |
| | Longfellow publishes his American Indian epic, The Song of Hiawatha, in an irresistibly catchy metre | |
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| 1855 |
| | The Christmas issue of the Illustrated London News includes chromolithographs, introducing the era of colour journalism | |
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| 1855 |
| | After a siege of nearly a year the Russians abandon Sebastopol, but the Turkish alliance is too exhausted to pursue the conflict | |
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| 1855 |
| | Tennyson publishes a long narrative poem, Maud, a section of which ('Come into the garden, Maud') becomes famous as a song | |
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| 1855 |
| | English author Anthony Trollope publishes The Warden, the first in his series of six Barsetshire novels | |
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| 1856 |
| | The treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War, limiting Russia's special powers in relation to Turkey | |
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| 1856 |
| | The first Neanderthal man to be discovered is unearthed by quarry workers in the Neander valley, near Düsseldorf | |
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| 1856 |
| | Abolitionist John Brown presides over the lynching of five pro-slavery men at Pottawatomie in Kansas | |
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| 1856 |
| | An American adventurer, William Walker, wins control of the government in Nicaragua and for a year rules as president | |
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| 1856 |
| | Victoria and Albert complete their fairy-tale castle at Balmoral, adding greatly to the nation's romantic view of Scotland | |
|  | Balmoral Castle Fotofile CG
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| 1856 |
| | Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary, a novel of frustrated romanticism in a provincial French context | |
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| 1856 |
| | English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally creates the first synthetic die, aniline purple (now known as mauve) | |
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| 1856 |
| | An incident aboard the Arrow, flying a British flag, gives the British the pretext to launch the Second Opium War | |
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| 1856 |
| | Democrat candidate James Buchanan wins the US presidential election, defeating Republican John C Fr&eqacute;mont | |
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| 1857 |
| | David Livingstone urges upon a Cambridge audience the high ideal of taking 'commerce and Christianity' into Africa | |
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| 1857 |
| | The Haughwout Store, a five-storey building in New York, instals the first Otis safety elevator | |
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| 1857 |
| | Russian exile Alexander Herzen, publishes in London a radical newspaper called Kolokol (The Bell) | |
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| 1857 |
| | Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke set off from Bagamoyo in their search for the source of the Nile | |
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| 1857 |
| | An ultra-reactionary Supreme Court judgement in the Dred Scott case heightens US tensions over slavery | |
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| 1857 |
| | French chemist Louis Pasteur proves the existence of micro-organisms by showing that a liquid will only ferment if exposed to contamination from the air | |
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| 1857 |
| | Animal fat on a new issue of cartridges sparks off the Indian Mutiny, also know as the First War of Indian Independence | |
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