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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1853 |
| | | Antoinette Brown becomes the first female to be ordained a minister in the USA, in the First Congregational Church in South Butler, NY | |
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| 1853 |
| | | In the expectation of British and French support, the Ottoman sultan declares war on Russia - launching the Crimean War | |
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| 1853 |
| | | The hypodermic syringe with a plunger is simultaneously developed in France and in Scotland | |
|  | Alexander Wood's hypodermic syringe
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1854 |
| | | British and French warships move up through the Straits and enter the Black Sea in support of Turkey | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Robert Schumann throws himself into the Rhine, in an attempt to commit suicide, and spends the last two years of his life in an asylum | |
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| 1854 |
| | | An anti-slavery movement, formed in the USA to oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act, adopts a resonant name, calling itself the Republican party | |
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| 1854 |
| | | US inventor Elisha Otis dramatically demonstrates his new safety elevator, cutting the rope suspending his platform in New York's Crystal Palace | |
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| 1854 |
| | | The Boers establish the Orange Free State as an independent republic, with its own custom-built constitution | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Commodore Matthew Perry, commanding a powerful US fleet, persuades the Japanese to open their country to western trade – ending their period of isolation | |
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| 1854 |
| | | The controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act passes into law, enabling citizens of these territories to decide whether or not to allow slavery | |
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| 1854 |
| | | US minister to Mexico James Gadsden secures a treaty by which the USA purchases from Mexico much of southern Arizona | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Austrian monk Gregor Mendel begins his study of pea plants in the garden of the Abbey of St Thomas in Brno | |
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| 1854 |
| | | William Baikie, on an expedition up the Niger, protects his men from malaria by administering quinine | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Ferdinand de Lesseps is granted the concession to construct a canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Australian gold diggers, angered by the requirement to purchase a licence, make a defiant stand at the Eureka stockade | |
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| 1854 |
| | | English physician John Snow proves that cholera is spread by infected water (from a pump in London's Broad Street) | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Britain and France enter the war between Turkey and Russia, on the Turkish side | |
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| 1854 |
| | | A London editor decides to send a reporter, William Howard Russell ('Russell of The Times'), to the Crimean front | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Thoreau publishes an account of his two years of self-sufficient transcendentalism in his hut at Walden Pond | |
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| 1854 |
| | | British and French troops land at Sebastopol, to besiege the port, and win a limited victory over the Russians at the river Alma | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Florence Nightingale, responding to reports of horrors in the Crimea, sets sail with a party of twenty-eight nurses | |
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| 1854 |
| | | An inconclusive battle at Balaklava includes the Charge of the Light Brigade, with British cavalry recklessly led towards Russian guns | |
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| 1854 |
| | | An inconclusive engagement at Inkerman means that the allies in the Crimea have to dig in for the winter besieging Sebastopol | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Within six weeks of the Charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimea, Tennyson publishes a poem finding heroism in the disaster | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull declaring that the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is to be an article of faith for Catholics | |
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| 1855 |
| | | Jamaican-born nurse Mary Seacole sets up her own 'British Hotel' in the Crimea to provide food and nursing for soldiers in need | |
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| 1855 |
| | | Roger Fenton travels out from England to the Crimea – the world's first war photographer | |
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