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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1843 |
| | | William Hickling Prescott brings the Conquistadors dramatically to life in his 3-volume History of the Conquest of Mexico | |
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| 1843 |
| | | Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz completes his pioneering Poissons Fossiles ('Fossil Fish'), classifying more than 1500 categories | |
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| 1843 |
| | | Daniel O'Connell is convicted of seditious conspiracy and is sentenced to prison | |
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| 1843 |
| | | Ebenezer Scrooge mends his ways just in time in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The first great entrepreneur of the railway age, George Hudson, becomes known as the Railway King | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The Hungarian diet decrees that Magyar, rather than German, is to be the official language of the kingdom | |
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| 1844 |
| | | Daniel O'Connell is acquitted on appeal and released from prison | |
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| 1844 |
| | | In his novel Coningsby Benjamin Disraeli develops the theme of Conservatism uniting 'two nations', the rich and the poor | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The Russian tsar, Nicholas I, calls Turkey 'the sick man of Europe' | |
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| 1844 |
| | | Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels meet in Paris and become life-long friends | |
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| 1844 |
| | | James Polk pledges in his presidential campaign to include the self-proclaimed republic of Texas in the USA | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The Young Men's Christian Association is founded in London by British drapery assistant George Williams | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The Mormon leader, Joseph Smith, and his brother are killed by an armed mob in Nauvoo | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The other half of Hispaniola joins Haiti in declaring independence, as the Dominican Republic | |
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| 1844 |
| | | Samuel Morse and his assistant Alfred Vail complete the first telegraph line, between New York and Baltimore | |
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| 1844 |
| | | Democratic candidate James Polk is elected president of the USA, defeating the Whig Henry Clay | |
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| 1845 |
| | | Edgar Allan Poe publishes The Raven and Other Poems | |
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| 1845 |
| | | New Yorker Alexander Cartwright devises the set of rules that become the basis of the modern game of baseball | |
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| 1845 |
| | | British archaeologist Henry Layard, in his first month of digging in Iraq, discovers the Assyrian city of Nimrud | |
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| 1845 |
| | | English naval officer John Franklin sets off with two ships, Erebus and Terror, to search for the Northwest Passage | |
|  | Carmichael HMS Erebus and Terror in the Arctic (detail)
National Maritime Museum
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| 1845 |
| | | A blight destroys the potato crop in Ireland and causes what becomes known as the Great Famine | |
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| 1845 |
| | | Henry David Thoreau moves into a hut that he has built for himself in the woods at Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts | |
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| 1845 |
| | | The expansionist slogan 'Manifest Destiny' is coined by journalist John L. O'Sullivan to emphasize the right of the USA to extend west to the Pacific | |
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| c. 1845 |
| | | With his emphasis on the subjective experience of human Existenz, the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard plants the seed of existentialism | |
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| 1845 |
| | | Escaped slave Frederick Douglass publishes the first of three volumes of autobiograrphy | |
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| 1845 |
| | | US author Margaret Fuller publishes Woman in the Nineteenth Century, an early and thoughtful feminist study of women's place in society | |
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