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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1839 |
| | Abd-el-Kader proclaims a holy war against the French in Algeria and begins a military campaign that will last for eight years | |
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| 1839 |
| | Joseph Smith and the Mormons create the thriving town of Nauvoo in Illinois on the Mississippi | |
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| 1839 |
| | Andries Pretorius sets up the Boer republic of Natalia, with its capital at Pietermaritzburg | |
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| 1839 |
| | Lord Durham produces his Report on the Affairs of British North America, proposing reforms in the administration of Canada | |
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| 1839 |
| | British troops invade China after the Chinese authorities seize and destroy the opium stocks of British merchants in Canton | |
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| 1839 |
| | Polish composer Frédéric Chopin completes his Preludes under difficult conditions in Majorca | |
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| 1839 |
| | In the Bedchamber Crisis, Queen Victoria shows steely determination in refusing to dismiss politically committed ladies of her bedchamber | |
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| 1839 |
| | British forces capture Hong Kong, which is subsequently ceded to Britain by China at the end of the first Opium War in 1842 | |
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| 1839 |
| | The French painter Gustave Courbet moves from his native town of Ornans to Paris | |
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| 1840 |
| | With Boer help, Mpande removes his brother Dingaan from the Zulu throne and takes his place | |
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| 1840 |
| | Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz argues, in his Study on Glaciers, that much of Europe was recently in the grip of an ice age | |
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| 1840 |
| | Napoleon's remains are brought to Paris for burial in Les Invalides, as the Napoleonic legend grows | |
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| 1840 |
| | Robert Schumann composes the song cycle Frauenliebe und -Leben ('Woman's Love and Life') | |
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| 1840 |
| | Queen Victoria gives Kew Gardens to the nation, as a botanic garden of scientific importance | |
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| 1840 |
| | Muhammad Ali, officially viceroy for the Turkish sultan, establishes his own ruling dynasty on the throne of Egypt | |
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| 1840 |
| | Rowland Hill introduces in Britain the world's first postage stamps - the Penny Black and Two Pence Blue | |
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| 1840 |
| | Victoria marries Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and soon, with nine children, they provide the very image of the ideal Victorian family | |
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| 1840 |
| | The first issue of the quarterly magazine The Dial is issued by the Transcendentalists meeting at Ralph Waldo Emerson's home | |
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| 1840 |
| | Robert Schumann marries the pianist Clara Wieck, daughter of his first teacher | |
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| 1840 |
| | The 14-year-old Dom Pedro, son of Pedro I, becomes emperor of Brazil as Pedro II | |
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| 1840 |
| | William Henry Harrison wins the US presidential election as the Whig candidate, but dies 30 days after taking office | |
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| 1840 |
| | US lawyer Richard Henry Dana has immediate popular success with Two Years Before the Mast, his account of his time as a merchant seaman | |
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| 1841 |
| | Herman Melville goes to sea on the whaler Acushnet and spends moe than a year in the south Pacific | |
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| 1841 |
| | The Straits Convention, agreed between the European powers and Turkey, is a concerted attempt to prop up the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1841 |
| | Robert Peel replaces Lord Melbourne as prime minister after a Conservative victory in the British general election | |
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| 1841 |
| | August Dupin solves the case in Edgar Allan Poe's The Murders in the Rue Morgue, considered to be the first example of a detective story | |
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| 1841 |
| | Fox Talbot patents the 'calotype', introducing the negative-positive process that becomes standard in photography | |
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| 1841 |
| | Brook Farm, the most famous of the Charles Fourier phalanxes, is established at Dedham near Boston | |
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| 1841 |
| | Horace Greeley founds and edits the New-York Tribune, which will survive for more than a century (till 1966 | |
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| 1841 |
| | On the sudden death of US president William Henry Harrison, from pneumonia, he is succeeded in the office by his vice-president John Tyler | |
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