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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1837 |
| | | In The American Scholar Ralph Waldo Emerson urges his student audience to heed their own intellectuals rather than those of Europe | |
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| 1837 |
| | | Oberlin College in Ohio becomes the first in the USA to enrol women as degree students | |
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| 1837 |
| | | Rebellions in Canada reveal widespread discontent with the British administration, particularly among the French settlers | |
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| 1837 |
| | | Zanzibar becomes the main place of residence of the sultan of Oman | |
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| 1837 |
| | | Hector Berlioz's requiem mass, the Grande messe des morts, has its first performance in Paris | |
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| 1837 |
| | | The first trains run between London and Birmingham on the railway designed by Robert Stephenson | |
|  | Primrose Hill Tunnel, c.1837
Guildhall Library
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| 1837 |
| | | Charles Dickens' first novel, Oliver Twist, begins monthly publication (in book form, 1838) | |
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| 1838 |
| | | An Irish packet steamer, the Sirius, becomes the first steamship to cross the Atlantic, completing the journey to New York in 19 days | |
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| 1838 |
| | | Brunel's Great Western, a wooden paddle-steamer, arives in New York the day after the Sirius, with the record for an Atlantic crossing already reduced to 15 days | |
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| 1838 |
| | | US inventor Samuel Morse gives the first public demonstration, in Philadelphia, of his electric telegraph | |
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| 1838 |
| | | During a ceremony to celebrate their treaty with Dingaan, Piet Retief and his Boer companions are overpowered and killed | |
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| 1838 |
| | | Dingaan's warriors massacre Boer families in a series of dawn raids near the Bloukrans river | |
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| 1838 |
| | | Five American Indian tribes are forcibly escorted to a new Indian Territory west of the Mississippi in the process that becomes known as the Great Removal | |
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| 1838 |
| | | The Central American Federation splits into Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica | |
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| 1838 |
| | | The London Prize Ring rules disallow kicking, gouging, head-butting and biting in the sport of boxing | |
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| 1838 |
| | | John James Audubon completes publication of the 435 plates forming his 4-volume Birds of America | |
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| 1838 |
| | | The People's Charter, with its six political demands, launches the Chartist movement in England | |
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| 1838 |
| | | J.M.W. Turner paints an icon of British art, The Fighting Téméraire | |
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| 1838 |
| | | Civil war breaks out in Uruguay between the Reds and the Whites, followers respectively of Rivera and Oribe | |
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| 1838 |
| | | The river Ncome becomes known as the Blood River after thousands of Zulu die attacking Andries Pretorius and the Boers | |
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| 1838 |
| | | Seven Manchester merchants and mill-owners found the Anti-Corn Law League | |
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| 1838 |
| | | US naval officer Charles Wilkes leads a four-year exploration of the Antarctic and Pacific, proving on the way that Antarctica is a continent | |
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| 1838 |
| | | In his Divinity School Address, delivered at Harvard, Ralph Waldo Emerson criticizes formal religion and gives priority to personal spiritual experience | |
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| 1838 |
| | | US author Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes Fanshawe, his first novel, at his own expense | |
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| 1839 |
| | | The British seize the strategic port of Aden and administer it as a province annexed to India | |
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| 1839 |
| | | Edgar Allan Poe publishes a characteristically gothic tale, The Fall of the House of Usher | |
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| 1839 |
| | | Mutiny by slaves on a Spanish vessel leads two years later to a significant abolitionist victory in the Amistad case | |
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| 1839 |
| | | A British army invades Afghanistan and instals a puppet ruler, Shuja Shah, as the Afghan amir | |
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