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  World History timeline
     
1819
 
  
McCulloch v. Maryland defines the tax relationship between the US government and the states     
1819
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
Magistrates order troops to fire on a crowd in Manchester, in what becomes known as the Peterloo massacre      
1819
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia       
1819
 
    
Byron begins publication in parts of his longest poem, Don Juan an epic satirical comment on contemporary life       
Byron, copy by Phillips, 1813
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1819
 
   
The United Kingdom formally adopts the gold standard for its currency, after using it on a de facto basis since 1717      
c. 1819
 
    
John Rennie completes a cast-iron bridge with the world's longest span, crossing the Thames at Vauxhall       
Southwark Bridge, by Westall, c.1828
Guildhall Library
1819
 
    
Walter Scott publishes Ivanhoe, a tale of love, tournaments and sieges at the time of the crusades       
1819
 
   
J.M.W. Turner makes the first of several visits to Venice, and discovers a rich seam of inspiration      
Turner Venice Quay, Ducal Palace (detail)
Tate Britain

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1820
 
   
The British king George III dies after 59 years on the throne – a longer reign than any of his predecessors      
1820
 
   
On the death of his father, George III, the Prince Regent succeeds to the British throne as George IV      
1820
 
    
Washington Irving tells the story of the long sleep of Rip Van Winkle in his Sketch Book       
1820
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The Eastern Question, concerning Turkey's ability to control its vast empire, becomes a persistent nineteenth-century theme      
1820
 
   
French physicist André Marie Ampère begins his researches into the links between electricity and magnetism      
1820
 
    
English poet John Keats publishes Ode to a Nightingale, inspired by the bird's song in his Hampstead garden       
1820
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The Missouri Compromise, admitting Maine and Missouri to the union, keeps the balance between 'free' and 'slave' states in the US senate      
1820
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
A second liberal revolution in Spain ends with Ferdinand VII a prisoner of the Cortes in Cadiz       
1820
 
    
English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes Ode to the West Wind, written mainly in a wood near Florence       
Percy Bysshe Shelley, by Curran, 1819
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1820
 
   
7-year-old Henry Wadsworth Longfellow has a poem published in a newspaper in his home town of Portland, Maine      
1820
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands)      
1820
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The first big influx of British settlers, numbering some 5000, arrives at Cape Town in South Africa      
1820
 
    
Russian poet Alexander Pushkin publishes his first long poem, Ruslan and Ludmilla       
1820
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The first of the truces is made which will lead to the Trucial States, now known as the United Arab Emirates      
1820
 
   
French painter Théodore Géricault begins a two-year visit to Britain      
1820
 
   
English painter John Constable acquires a house in Hampstead, a region of London that features frequently in his work      
Constable Hampstead Heath (detail) c.1830
Rockingham Castle Estate

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1821
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
An Egyptian army makes its camp at Khartoum, subsequently the capital of an Egyptian province in the Sudan      
1821
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld    
The 22-year-old Portuguese prince, Dom Pedro, is made regent of Brazil      
1821
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
An uprising in Greece against Turkish rule is followed by the massacre of several thousand Muslims        
1821
 
    
English author Thomas De Quincey publishes his autobiographical Confessions of an English Opium-Eater       
Thomas de Quincey, by Watson-Gordon, 1845
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1821
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
The British government imposes a merger on two great squabbling enterprises in Canada, the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company       
1821
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
Napoleon dies on St Helena, after six years of captivity       
1821
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld   
The merged Hudson's Bay Company now administers a territory stretching from the Great Lakes to the Pacific     
1821
 
   
English poet John Keats dies in Rome at the age of twenty-five      
Protestant cemetery in Rome, engraving after Walter Severn
Mary Evans Picture Library

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1821
 
    
English radical William Cobbett begins his journeys round England, published in 1830 as Rural Rides       
William Cobbett, possibly by Cooke, c.1831
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1821
 
   
The Spy, a romance set in the American Revolution, establishes the reputation of US author James Fenimore Cooper