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| 1971 |
| | Mobutu gives the Congo a new name, Zaire, deriving from an African word for river | |
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| c. 1971 |
| | Libya's political bible is now the Green Book by Muammar al-Gaddafi | |
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| 1972 |
| | In an orgy of ethnic slaughter in Burundi, Tutsis klll some 100,000 Hutus | |
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| 1973 |
| | The Polisario is formed to fight for the independence of Western Sahara | |
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| 1973 |
| | Winning power in a military coup, Juvenal Habyarimana begins a 21-year spell as dictator in Rwanda | |
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| 1973 |
| | Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack against Israel on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement | |
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| 1973 |
| | Arab oil-exporting countries cause an economic crisis by denying oil to western countries supporting Israel | |
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| 1974 |
| | Donald Johanson and Tom Gray find an almost complete Australopithecus female skeleton at Hadar in Ethiopia, and nickname her Lucy after the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds | |
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| 1974 |
| | An uprising organized in Ethiopia by the Dergue results in the arrest of Haile Selassie and his murder a year later | |
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| 1974 |
| | Portuguese Guinea becomes independent as Guinea-Bissau, with Luís Cabral as president | |
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