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| 1838 |
| | | The river Ncome becomes known as the Blood River after thousands of Zulu die attacking Andries Pretorius and the Boers | |
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| 1839 |
| | | Abd-el-Kader proclaims a holy war against the French in Algeria and begins a military campaign that will last for eight years | |
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| 1839 |
| | | Andries Pretorius sets up the Boer republic of Natalia, with its capital at Pietermaritzburg | |
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| 1840 |
| | | With Boer help, Mpande removes his brother Dingaan from the Zulu throne and takes his place | |
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| 1840 |
| | | Muhammad Ali, officially viceroy for the Turkish sultan, establishes his own ruling dynasty on the throne of Egypt | |
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| c. 1841 |
| | | Britain sends four naval ships up the river Niger to make anti-slavery treaties with local kings | |
|  | Anti-slavery treaty with African chiefs
National Archives, Kew
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| 1843 |
| | | The British take control of the existing Boer republic and proclaim Natal a British protectorate | |
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| 1847 |
| | | Pretorius leads the last Boer families out of Natal and over the Drakensberg to the high veld | |
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| 1847 |
| | | Liberia wins independence and international recognition as a republic | |
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| 1848 |
| | | Harry Smith annexes for Britain the land between the Orange and Vaal rivers, calling it the Orange River Sovereignty | |
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