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| 1531 |
| | | Francisco Pizarro leads 168 men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire | |
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| 1532 |
| | | Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive | |
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| 1532 |
| | | Atahualpa agrees to buy his freedom from the Spaniards with a room full of gold and another of silver | |
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| 1533 |
| | | Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian | |
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| 1533 |
| | | The Spanish conquistadors capture and sack the Inca capital of Cuzco, high in the Andes | |
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| 1536 |
| | | Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year | |
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| 1537 |
| | | With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru | |
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| 1746 |
| | | An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao | |
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| 1776 |
| | | Spanish America is now administered as four viceroyalties - New Spain, New Granada, New Peru and La Plata | |
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| 1780 |
| | | An Indian uprising in Spanish Peru is led by a descendant of the Incas, Tupac Amaru II | |
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