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| c. 1570 |
| | | The Ashanti establish a powerful kingdom in present-day Ghana, with their capital at Kumasi | |
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| 1574 |
| | | The Ottoman empire finally asserts control over the north African coast, in the footsteps of Muslim pirates | |
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| c. 1600 |
| | | The Yoruba develop an extensive empire centred on Oyo in southern Nigeria | |
|  | Beaded crown of a Yoruba ruler
Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter
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| 1609 |
| | | A law is passed expelling the Moriscos from Spain, with the result that some 300,000 are shipped to north Africa | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | Three brothers among the Dahomey people establish a long-lasting kingdom in the Bight of Benin | |
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| 1638 |
| | | The French build a trading station on the estuary of the Senegal river in west Africa | |
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| 1652 |
| | | Jan van Riebeeck establishes a Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope | |
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| 1657 |
| | | The Dutch in South Africa purchase slaves to do domestic and agricultural work | |
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| 1661 |
| | | The British establish Fort James on an island in the Gambia river | |
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| 1698 |
| | | A fleet from Oman evicts the Portuguese from Mombasa and Zanzibar | |
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