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| c. 1250 |
| | | Europe grows in prosperity during the thirteenth century, with a widespread increase in trade and production | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | The Palio, in which horses race round the Campo in Siena, is held from this time | |
|  | The Palio in Siena
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1250 |
| | | The kingdom of Great Zimbabwe displaces Mapungubwe as the dominant Shona power in this region of southern Africa | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | A Japanese potter, returning from China, makes Seto the centre of ceramic production in Japan | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | The Yoruba people of Ife create extraordinary sculptures in brass | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | A school of translation is set up in Toledo, to translate classical Greek texts from the Arabic versions into Latin | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | France becomes the first kingdom to establish a permanent parliament when Louis IX reserves a chamber in his palace for quarterly sessions | |
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| 1250 |
| | | The last sultan of Saladin's dynasty is murdered by slaves in the palace guard, and Mameluke rule is reintroduced in Egypt | |
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| 1252 |
| | | Alexander Nevsky, appointed grand prince of Vladimir in 1252, thrives by collaborating with the Mongols of the Golden Horde | |
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| 1252 |
| | | A huge bronze sculpture, known as Daibutsu and cast in Kamakura, depicts Amida, the Amitabha Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism | |
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