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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian arrives in Egypt with an army, and holds Cleopatra a prisoner in her palace in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Hearing that Cleopatra is dead (false news, as it turns out), Mark Antony commits suicide in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Cleopatra commits suicide, applying a poisonous asp to her breast, | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | The Egyptians declare Caesarion to be their pharaoh, but it is not long before he is executed by Octavian - bringing to an end the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian annexes Egypt as a Roman territory and takes back to Rome the vast treasures of the Egyptian pharaohs | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | With the annexation of Egypt, the entire Mediterranean falls under Roman control | |
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| 29 BC |
| | | When Octavian's Egyptian hoard reaches Rome, the standard rate of interest falls from 12% to 4% | |
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| 27 BC |
| | | Octavian is given the life-long title of Augustus by the senate in Rome, becoming in effect the first Roman emperor | |
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| 27 BC |
| | | Livy begins writing and publishing his History of Rome, a task which will occupy him for forty years | |
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| 23 BC |
| | | Sukune, according to tradition, wins the first sumo wrestling contest and becomes patron saint of the sport | |
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