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| 510 BC |
| | | According to legend, the Etruscans are driven from Rome by popular outrage after the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius | |
|  | Etruscan sarcophagus
Fotofile CG
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| 510 BC |
| | | The Roman senate becomes an executive body with two of its members elected annually as consuls, or joint heads of state | |
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| 508 BC |
| | | Cleisthenes, brought to power by popular support, puts into effect a major programme of political reform in Athens | |
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| 508 |
| | | Cleisthenes gives every Athenian citizen a voice in the demos, the local council at village or town level | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | A Persian rug, woven with a knotted pile, is placed in the tomb of a Scythian chieftain and survives to this day | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The rulers of Aksum, the first Ethiopian kingdom, claim descent from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The 10,000 elite troops of the Persian empire, known as the Immortals, demonstrate the power of a professional standing army | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Greeks are intrigued by the iron-attracting property of a mineral which they find in the district of Magnesia | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The secret of lacquer, the sap of a tree which can be hardened by moisture, is discovered in China | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The great network of roads built by Darius I has at its centre the 2000-mile royal road from Susa to Sardis | |
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