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| c. 580 BC |
| | | The synagogue, as a simple place of Jewish worship, develops during the Babylonian captivity | |
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| c. 580 BC |
| | | The Iranian prophet Zoroaster teaches that there is one god, Ahura Mazda | |
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| c. 570 BC |
| | | Anaximander, a pupil of Thales, develops bold theories about the formation of the earth and the beginning of life | |
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| 560 BC |
| | | Peisistratos seizes power in Athens and rules as a benevolent dictator for more than thirty years | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The painters of Greek vases develop the black-figure style, with the scene depicted in black silhouette against a red ground | |
|  | Greek vase, black-figure style
Fotofile CG
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Sinhalese, after moving south through India, cross into Sri Lanka | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The optimistic concept of the Messiah is part of the Jewish response to captivity in Babylon | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Greeks develop the Babylonian theme of the zodiac, naming it the zodiakos kyklos or circle of animals | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Indian physician Susruta pioneers plastic surgery of the nose | |
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| 550 BC |
| | | Cyrus, king of the Persians, takes Ecbatana, capital city of the Medes, and establishes the first Persian empire | |
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