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| 1930 |
| | | A military coup removes Hipolito Irigoyen from the presidency in Argentina | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Rafael Trujillo establishes a dictatorship in the Dominican Republic that will last for 30 years | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Heitor Villa-Lobos composes the first of his Bachianas Brasileiras | |
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| c. 1930 |
| | | The steel-band tradition begins to develop in Trinidad, with adapted metal objects taking the place of traditional skin drums | |
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| c. 1930 |
| | | The Rastafarian cult evolves in Jamaica, viewing Ras Tafari, the emperor of Ethiopia, as the black Messiah | |
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| 1932 |
| | | The Chaco War breaks out between Bolivia and Paraguay, in dispute over the swampy plain known as the Gran Chaco | |
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| 1933 |
| | | Pablo Neruda increases his international reputation with a collection of surrealist poems, Residencia en la tierra ('Residence on earth') | |
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| 1933 |
| | | Fulgencio Batista, as army chief of staff, begins a long career running the affairs of Cuba | |
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| 1933 |
| | | 19-year-old Mexican poet Octavio Paz publishes his first collection, Wild Moon | |
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