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| 1976 |
| | | Mary Leakey and her team find footprints, about 3.6 million years old, of bipedal hominids walking upright at Laetoli in Tanzania | |
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| 1976 |
| | | The UN entrusts the Western Sahara to joint administration by Morocco and Mauritania | |
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| 1976 |
| | | A guerrilla movement, with Rhodesian backing, launches a long civil war against Frelimo in Mozambique | |
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| 1976 |
| | | The Polisario, as a government-in-exile in Algeria, proclaim the independence of Western Sahara as the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic | |
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| 1976 |
| | | Hundreds of deaths and casualties result from police firing on a demonstration by schoolchildren in the black township of Soweto | |
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| 1976 |
| | | In a daring raid on Entebbe airport, Israeli troops rescue hostages hijacked on a flight from Tel Aviv to Paris | |
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| 1976 |
| | | Black American author Alex Haley traces his family origins in Africa in Roots | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Mengistu Haile Mariam seizes control of Ethiopia's ruling Dergue (military council) in a violent coup | |
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| 1977 |
| | | The French Territory of Afars and Issas becomes independent as Djibouti, with Hassan Gouled Aptidon as president | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Steve Biko, founder of Black Consciousness, dies of head wounds received in police custody in Pretoria | |
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