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| 1961 |
| | | Hassan II begins a 38-year reign as the king of Morocco | |
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| 1961 |
| | | President Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps, enabling US volunteers to work abroad | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Atmosphères, by the Hungarian composer György Ligeti, achieves a mysterious blend of sound in what he calls 'micropolyphony' | |
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| 1961 |
| | | J.D. Salinger publishes Franny and Zooey, the second of his collections of stories about the Glass family | |
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| 1961 |
| | | The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in an Israeli court in Jerusalem, with TV cameras permitted to broadcast the event live around the world | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel in space, orbiting the earth once in Vostok 1 | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Former British colony Sierra Leone becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth | |
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| 1961 |
| | | British author Roald Dahl publishes a novel for children, James and the Giant Peach | |
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| 1961 |
| | | An invasion force of about 1500 Cuban exiles comes ashore in Cuba's Bay of Pigs in an attempt to topple the Castro regime | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Two days after landing in the Bay of Pigs, 114 Cuban exiles are dead and about 1300 have been captured | |
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