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| 1960 |
| | Moise Tshombe, taking advantage of chaos in the Congo, declares the independence of Katanga | |
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| 1960 |
| | US author Harper Lee publishes her first and only novel, To Kill a Mockingbird | |
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| 1960 |
| | Anti-European riots in the Congo cause some 25,000 Belgians to flee the country | |
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| 1960 |
| | Sirimavo Bandaranaike, widow of the assassinated Solomon Bandaranaike, begins the first of three long spells as prime minister of Sri Lanka | |
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| 1960 |
| | Nelson Mandela leads a new armed section of the ANC (African National Congress), formed in response to Sharpeville | |
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| 1960 |
| | The French colony of Dahomey (known from 1975 as Benin) becomes independent but suffers six military coups in its first twelve years | |
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| 1960 |
| | Niger becomes independent, with Hamani Diori as the new nation's first president | |
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| 1960 |
| | Kenyatta, still in prison, is elected leader of KANU, a new political party in Kenya | |
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| 1960 |
| | The French colony of Upper Volta becomes independent as Burkina Faso, with Maurice Yaméogo as president | |
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| 1960 |
| | The pamphlet Control or Colour Bar? demands reform of White Australia policy | |
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