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| 1935 |
| | The survivors of the Long March reach safety in Shaanxi province in northwest China | |
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| 1937 |
| | The Japanese use an incident at the Marco Polo Bridge, near Beijing, as the pretext for an attack on China | |
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| 1937 |
| | Japanese troops occupy Beijing – at the start of eight years of continuous war between China and Japan | |
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| 1937 |
| | The Japanese capture the Chinese capital, Nanjing, and massacre at least 300,000 inhabitants within a few weeks | |
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| 1941 December 25 |
| | Hong Kong surrenders to an invading Japanese force | |
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| 1942 February |
| | Joseph Stilwell is appointed to head the US military mission to Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) | |
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| 1943 March 20 |
| | Mao Zedong becomes official leader of the Chinese Communist Party, as the elected Chairman of the Central Committee and the Politburo | |
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| 1949 |
| | Defeated by the Communists, Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) resigns before the final collapse of his regime | |
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| 1949 |
| | Mao Zedong, standing on the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing, proclaims the new People's Republic of China | |
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| 1949 |
| | Mao Zedong's long-standing ally Zhou Enlai heads both the home and foreign departments of the new republic | |
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