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| 1869 |
| | | The most famous of the three-masted tea-clippers, the Cutty Sark is launched at Dumbarton for service to and from China | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Young French artists Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir paint together in the open air at La Grenouillère, developing the Impressionist style | |
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| 1869 |
| | | French part-time painter Henri Rousseau becomes known as Douanier ('customs officer') Rousseau because of his paid employment | |
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| 1870 |
| | | John D. Rockefeller and his partners establish the Standard Oil Company of Ohio | |
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| 1870 |
| | | Coppélia, with choreography by Arthur Saint-Léon to music by Delibes, has its premiere at the Paris Opera | |
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| 1870 |
| | | Otto von Bismarck adjusts the Prussian king's telegram from Ems in a way calculated to provoke the French | |
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| 1870 |
| | | Pope Pius IX, rapidly losing temporal authority, declares a new dogma – that the pope, when speaking from the throne, is infallible on matters of faith or morals | |
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| 1870 |
| | | The Turkish sultan finally allows the Christians of Bulgaria to have their own Orthodox patriarch | |
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| 1870 |
| | | With public opinion in France outraged by the Ems telegram, the French government declares war on Prussia | |
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| 1870 |
| | | 16-year-old Arthur Rimbaud sends some of his poems to Paul Verlaine, already an established poet | |
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