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| 1807 |
| | | English chemist Humphry Davy uses electrolysis to isolate the elements sodium and potassium | |
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| 1809 |
| | | French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac shows that when gases combine they do so in simple ratios by volume (later known as his Law of Combining Volumes) | |
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| 1811 |
| | | Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro publishes a hypothesis, about the number of molecules in gases, that becomes known as Avogadro's Law | |
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| 1856 |
| | | English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally creates the first synthetic die, aniline purple (now known as mauve) | |
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| 1861 |
| | | English chemist and physicist William Crookes isolates a new element, thallium | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patents dynamite, making the volatile explosive nitroglycerine safer by combining it with kieselguhr | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Dmitry Mendeleyev reads to the Russian Chemical Society in St Petersburg his formulation of the periodic table | |
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| 1895 |
| | | Scottish chemist William Ramsay isolates the element helium | |
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| 1898 |
| | | British chemists William Ramsay and Morris Travers isolate the element c | |
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| 1898 |
| | | British chemists William Ramsay and Morris Travers isolate the element neon | |
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