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| 1754 |
| | | Scottish chemist Joseph Black identifies the existence of a gas, carbon dioxide, which he calls 'fixed air' | |
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| 1757 |
| | | Robert Adam returns to Britain after two years in Rome with a repertoire of classical themes which he mingles to form a new British neoclassicism | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Scottish chemist and physicist Joseph Black observes the latent heat in melting ice | |
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| 1764 |
| | | James Watt ponders on the inefficiency of contemporary steam engines and invents the condenser | |
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| 1767 |
| | | Work begins on Edinburgh's New Town, to the design of the 23-year-old architect James Craig | |
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| 1768 |
| | | A Society of Gentlemen in Scotland begins publication of the immensely successful Encyclopaedia Britannica | |
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| 1773 |
| | | Samuel Johnson and James Boswell undertake a journey together to the western islands of Scotland | |
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| 1776 |
| | | Scottish economist Adam Smith analyzes the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations | |
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| 1787 |
| | | Scottish engineer James Watt devises the governor, the first example of industrial automation | |
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| 1791 |
| | | Scottish poet Robert Burns publishes Tam o' Shanter, in which a drunken farmer has an alarming encounter with witches | |
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