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| 1661 |
| | | The body of Oliver Cromwell is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn | |
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| 1661 |
| | | The Cavalier Parliament begins to pass a series of acts, known as the Clarendon Code, containing punitive measures against Presbyterians | |
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| 1661 |
| | | Italian doctor Marcello Malpighi discovers the capillaries, thus completing the evidence for the circulation of the blood | |
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| 1661 |
| | | The British establish Fort James on an island in the Gambia river | |
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| 1661 |
| | | A banker in Sweden, Johan Palmstruch, issues Europe's first paper currency, on behalf of the Stockholm Banco | |
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| 1661 |
| | | Louis XIV establishes a royal dancing academy and soon follows it with a music academy | |
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| 1662 |
| | | British chemist Robert Boyle defines the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in any gas (subsequently known as Boyle's Law) | |
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| 1662 |
| | | Jean-Baptiste Colbert buys the Gobelin family workshops in Paris and transforms them into a royal factory for Louis XIV | |
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| 1662 |
| | | The Act of Uniformity demands that Anglican clergy accept all the Thirty-Nine Articles, costing many their livings | |
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| 1662 |
| | | An academy of English scientists is given a royal charter by Charles II and becomes the Royal Society | |
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