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| 1466 |
| | | The Portuguese settlers on the Cape Verde islands are granted a monopoly on the new slave trade | |
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| c. 1480 |
| | | The Maravi Confederacy is formed by Bantu tribes and soon wins control over a large region between Lake Nyasa and the Zambezi | |
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| c. 1480 |
| | | An increase in trade through the central Sahara benefits the Songhay, with their capital at Gao, at the expense of Mali | |
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| 1483 |
| | | The Portuguese establish a further presence on the west coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Congo river | |
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| 1488 |
| | | Bartolomeu Dias, sailing for the king of Portugal, becomes the first European navigator to round the Cape of Good Hope | |
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| 1492 |
| | | A French privateer off the west coast of Ghana is the first to plunder a Portuguese vessel carrying home African gold | |
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| 1498 |
| | | Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | | The people of Benin begin a lasting tradition of sculpture in brass, melted down from objects brought by traders | |
|  | Nigerian Bronze Head, 16th century
British Museum
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| c. 1500 |
| | | The Portuguese establish trading posts in east Africa, on the coast of Mozambique | |
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| 1503 |
| | | The Portuguese set up a trading post on the east African island of Zanzibar | |
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